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21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Reminiscence bump

The tendency for older adults to have increased recollection for events that occurred during their adolescence and early adulthood

Autobiographical memory

Memory for specific experiences from our life, which can include both episode Eric and semantic components. Other words would be mental time travel.

What events are remembered well throughout time?

Significant events in a person life, highly emotional events, and transition points in one's life

What are the three hypotheses about the reminiscence bump

1. The self image hypothesis


2. Cognitive Hypothesis


3. Cultural Life script

Cultural life script hypothesis

Distinguishes between a person's life story, which is all of the events that occurred and a person's life, and a cultural life script which is a culturally expected events that occurs at a particular time in the lifespan.

Self-image hypothesis

Proposed by Claire Rathbone, states that memory is enhanced for events that occur as a person self-image or life identity is being formed. Moments in a person's life where they use a I am statement for example I am a mother, I am a vegetarian.

Cognitive hypothesis

Another explanation for the reminiscence bump. Proposes that periods of Rapid change that are followed by stability cause stronger encoding of memories period adolescence and young adulthood fit this description because the rapid changes such as going away to school or getting married and starting a career are typically followed by the relative stability of adult life.

Emotional stimulus and memory retention

Emotional events are remembered more easily and vividly. Emotion improves memory and becomes greater with time. Emotion causes brain activity in the amygdala.

Flashbulb memory

A highly detailed and excessive exceptionally Vivid snapshot of the moment and circumstances in which a piece of surprising or emotional arousing news Was Heard

Repeated recall

The process of comparing later memories to the original memories collected immediately after an event had occurred.

Native rehearsal hypothesis

Proposes that people remember flashbulb memories because of repeated rehearsals of a traumatic event. Messier and co-workers rejected any specialized mechanisms for the flashbulb memories proposed from that hypothesis

Constructive nature of memory

What people report as memories are constructed based on what actually happened plus additional factors, such as the person's knowledge, experiences, and expectations.

Repeated reproduction

Where subjects try to remember the story at longer and longer intervals after they had first Reddit. Experiment by Bartlett asking subjects to recall the scrip as accurately as possible.

Source-monitoring

The process of determining the origins of our memories, knowledge, or beliefs.

Source-monitoring error

Misidentifying the source of a memory period also called Source misattributions because the memory is attributed to the wrong source.

Crypto amnesia

The act of unconscious plagiarism of the work of others.

Pragmatic inference

Occurs when reading a sentence and it leads a person to expect something that is not explicitly stated or implied by the sentences. These inferences are based on knowledge gained through experience. Us although reading that a baby stayed awake all night does not include any information about crying, knowledge about babies might lead to a person to infer that the baby was crying and preventing them from sleeping.

Misinformation effect

Misleading information presented after person witnesses an event can change how the person describes the event later


this misleading information is referred to as misleading post-event information or MPI

Retroactive interference

Occurs when more recent learning interferes with memory for something that happened in the past. For example retroactive interference would be involved if studying for your Spanish exam made it more difficult to remember some of the vocabulary words you had studied for your French exam earlier in the day.

Post identification feedback effect

Originally demonstrated by Wells and Bradfield, refers to the way in which Witnesses self-reports are distorted by feedback to the witness by a person of authority that suggests that the identifications were accurate or mistaken.

Cognitive interview

A method of interviewing eyewitnesses and victims about what they remember from a crime scene. Using for retrievals, the primary focus of the cognitive interview is to make Witnesses and victims of a situation aware of all of the events that transpired.