Psych Ch 8 & 9

Front 1

what is an instinct?

Back 1

a fixed inborn pattern of responding that is species-specific

Front 2

which of the following is NOT an argument against instinct theory for human behavior?

Back 2

the list of instincts was not large enough to account for human behavior

Front 3

a need is

Back 3

a state of deprivation or deficiency

Front 4

which of the following is the best definition of drive?

Back 4

a state of bodily tension that arises from an unmet need

Front 5

which of the following is a secondary drive?

Back 5

desire to earn money

Front 6

incentives are

Back 6

rewards that motivate us to behave in a certain way

Front 7

in motivation theories, psychosocial needs are also known as

Back 7

interpersonal needs

Front 8

the desire of steer clear of failure is called

Back 8

avoidance motivation

Front 9

what is the typical sequencing of needs is maslow's hierarchy?

Back 9

physiological, safety, love,belongingness, esteem, self-actualization

Front 10

regarding the regulation of hunger and appetite, which of the following statements if false?

Back 10

the lateral hypothalamus regulates feelings of safety, wheras the ventromedial hypothalamus initiates eating

Front 11

the rate at which one's body burns calories at rest is called

Back 11

basal metabolism or basal metabolic rate

Front 12

in what order do the phases of sexual response cycle occur?

Back 12

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Front 13

during the sexual response cycle, a refractory period is a time when

Back 13

men are unable to achieve another orgasm

Front 14

sexual orientation is best described as

Back 14

as the direction of one's gender indentity

Front 15

the male sex hormone testosterone

Back 15

increases sexual interest in males and females

Front 16

psychosocial causes of sexual dysfunction include all of the following except

Back 16

exposure to homosexuals

Front 17

the three components of emotions are

Back 17

bodily arousal, cognitions, and expressed behavior

Front 18

the behavioral component of an emotion can take down one of the two forms: __ and __

Back 18

approach; avoidance

Front 19

which of the following is not one of the six universally recognized emotional expressions?

Back 19

regret

Front 20

the customs and social norms used to regulate the display of emotions are known as __

Back 20

display rules

Front 21

of the following factors, which is most likely to be linked to personal happiness?

Back 21

having friends

Front 22

the james-lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions

Back 22

come after bodily reactions

Front 23

the two-factor theory of emotion suggests that emotions

Back 23

result from a combination of psysiological arousal and cognition appraisal

Front 24

in the dual-pathway model of fear, the "high road"leads to the ___ and the "low road" leads to the ___

Back 24

cerebral cortex; amygdala

Front 25

curlee has a good ability to recognize emotions in herself and in others. she is also able to effectively manage her emotions. curlee appears to have high levels of

Back 25

emotional intelligence

Front 26

what is the correct order of stages in prenatal development?

Back 26

germinal, embryonic, fetal

Front 27

in prenatal development, the time between conception and about week two is called the

Back 27

germinal stage

Front 28

all of the following are examples of teratogens EXCEPT

Back 28

folic acid

Front 29

tara contracts rubella during the early part of her pregnancy. her offspring is at increased risk of developing

Back 29

heart disease, deafness, and mental retardation

Front 30

an unlearned response to a particular stimulus is an

Back 30

reflex

Front 31

the visual cliff apparatus tests infants' sensory abilities. what, specific aspect of the infant's sensory abilities does the device allow us to study?

Back 31

depth perception

Front 32

psychologists use the term__ to describe a characteristic style of behavior or disposition

Back 32

temperament

Front 33

the formation of a strong bond of a newborn animal to the first moving object seen after birth is called

Back 33

imprinting

Front 34

in their research with baby rhesus monkeys, the Harlows demonstrated that __ was a strong determinant of attachment

Back 34

contact comfort

Front 35

in her research on attachment, ainsworth noted ___ different styles of attachment, and they were called __

Back 35

secure, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-resistant

Front 36

research on parenting styles suggests that the most effective parenting style is

Back 36

authoritative

Front 37

in piaget's terminology, changing existing schemas to incorporate new information is called

Back 37

accommodation

Front 38

what is the correct sequencing of piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Back 38

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Front 39

which of the following have been put forth as criticisms of piaget's therory?

Back 39

he observed far too many children to be able to draw any reasonable conclusions

Front 40

vygotsky's concept of the zone proximal development is best described

Back 40

as the range between children's present level of skills and knowledge and their potential level with appropriate guidance

Front 41

the ability to solve abstract problems best describes someone at which of piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Back 41

formal operations

Front 42

imaginary audience and personal fable are components of which aspect of adolescent thinking?

Back 42

egocentrism

Front 43

moral reasoning based on confomity with social rules is characteristic of which level of moral development?

Back 43

conventional

Front 44

in a cross-cultural study of moral reasoning in americans and indians reported in text, which of the following was found?

Back 44

indians placed more emphasis on interpersonal responsibilities, while americans placed more emphasis on justice

Front 45

the stressful time of soul searching and self-examination that many adolescents experience is the

Back 45

identity crisis

Front 46

all but which of the following cognitive abilities generally decline after early adulthood?

Back 46

application of acquired knowledge

Front 47

fluid intelligence is to __ as crystallized intelligence is to __

Back 47

speed of problem solving, acquired information

Front 48

regarding physical changes in adulthood, which of the following statements is false?

Back 48

significant weight gain is an inevitable consequence of aging.

Front 49

according to erik erikson, people who forge a stronge sense of ego identity earlier in devlopment are more likely to achieve __ in early adulthood?

Back 49

intimancy

Front 50

preserved intellectual ability in later life is associated with which factors?

Back 50

engagement in stimulating activities, general physical health, and openness to new experiences