Psych Ch 7

Front 1

the capacity of the nervous system to aquire and retain usable skills and knowledge, allowing living organisms to benefit from experience

Back 1

memory

Front 2

the 3 stage memory system that involves sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory

Back 2

modal memory model

Front 3

memory for sensory information that is stored briefly in its original sensory form

Back 3

sensory memory

Front 4

a limited capacity memory system that holds information in awareness for a brief period of time

Back 4

short term memory

Front 5

an active processing system that keeps different types of information available for current use

Back 5

working memory

Front 6

a relatively permanent storage of information

Back 6

long term memory

Front 7

the ability to recall items from a list depends on order of presentation, with items presented early or late in the list remembered than those in the middle

Back 7

serial position effect

Front 8

in a list, the better memory for items presented first

Back 8

primacy effect

Front 9

in a list, the better memory for words presented later in the list

Back 9

recency effect

Front 10

the process involved when people remember specific information

Back 10

explicit memory

Front 11

the cognitive information retrieved from explicit memory; knowledge that can be declared

Back 11

declarative memory

Front 12

memory for ones personal past experiences

Back 12

episodic memory

Front 13

memory for knowledge about the world

Back 13

semantic memory

Front 14

the process by which people show an enhancement of memory, most often through behavior, without deliberate effort and without any awareness that they are remembering anything

Back 14

implicit memory

Front 15

a type of implicit memory that involves motor skills and behavioral habits

Back 15

procedural memory

Front 16

the improvement in identifying or processing a stimulus that has previously been experienced

Back 16

repetition priming

Front 17

the processing of information so that it can be stored

Back 17

encoding

Front 18

the retention of encoded representations over time that corresponds to some change in the nervous system that registers the event

Back 18

storage

Front 19

the act of recalling stored inforamtion in order to use it

Back 19

retrieval

Front 20

a type of encoding that involves continually repeating an item

Back 20

maintenance rehearsal

Front 21

the encoding of information in a more meaningful fashion, such as linking it to knowledge in long-term memory

Back 21

elaborative rehearsal

Front 22

a hypothetical cognitive structure that helps us perceive, organize, and process information

Back 22

schema

Front 23

any stimulus that is encoded along with an experience can later trigger memory for the experience

Back 23

encoding specificity principle

Front 24

a hypothetical process involving the transfer of contents from immediate memory into long-term memory

Back 24

consolidation

Front 25

memory for the physical environment that includes such things as location of objects, direction, and cognitive maps

Back 25

spatial memory

Front 26

a mental disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma

Back 26

posttraumatic stress disorder

Front 27

the inability to retrieve memory from long term storage

Back 27

forgetting

Front 28

the pattern of forgetting over time

Back 28

transience

Front 29

when prior information inhibits the ability to remember new information

Back 29

proactive interference

Front 30

when new information information inhibits the ability to remember old information

Back 30

retroactive interference

Front 31

the temporary inability to remember something that is known

Back 31

blocking

Front 32

when people experience great frustration as they try to recall specific words that are somewhat obscure

Back 32

tip-of-the-tounge phenomenon

Front 33

the inattentive or shallow encoding of events

Back 33

absentmindedness

Front 34

deficits in long term memory that result from disease, brain injury, or psychological trauma

Back 34

amnesia

Front 35

the condition in which people lose past memories for events, facts, people, or even personal information

Back 35

retrograde amnesia

Front 36

the inability to form new memories

Back 36

anterograde amnesia

Front 37

vivid memories for the circumstances in which one first learned of a surprising, consequential, and emotionally arousing event

Back 37

flashbulb memories

Front 38

memory distrotions that occur when people misremember the time, place, person, or circumstances involved with a memory

Back 38

source misattributions

Front 39

a type of misappropriation that occurs when people think they have come up with a new idea, yet have only retrieved a stored idea and failed to attribute the idea to its proper source

Back 39

cryptomnesia

Front 40

the develpment of biased memories when people are provided with misleading information

Back 40

suggestibility

Front 41

a type of amnesia that occurs when a person shows memory for an event but cannot remember where he or she encountered the information

Back 41

source amnesia

Front 42

the false recollection of episodic memory

Back 42

confabulation