• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/36

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

36 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

learning

a change in behavior, resulting from experience

habituation

a decrease in behavioral response after lengthy or repeated exposure to a stimulus.

sensitization

an increase in behavioral response after lengthy or repeated exposure to a stimulus.

3 types of learning

non-associative, associative, watching others

non-associative learning

learning about a stimulus such as a sight or sound in the external world


includes habituation and sensitization

associative learning

learning the relationship between two pieces of information


includes classical and operant conditioning

learning by watching others includes:

observational learning, modeling, vicarious conditioning


observational learning

when we learn or change a behavior after watching a person engage in that behavior

modeling

imitating a behavior seen in others

vicarious conditioning

learning to engage in a behavior or not, after seeing others being rewarded or punished for performing that action.

classical conditioning

a type of learned response in which a neutral object comes to elicit a response when it is associated with a stimulus that already produces a response

unconditioned stimulus (US)

a stimulus that elicits a response that is innate and does not require any prior learning

unconditioned response (UR)

a response that does not have to be learned, a reflex

conditioned stimulus (CS)

a stimulus that elicits a response only after learning has taken place

conditioned response (CR)

a response to a conditioned stimulus; a response that has been learned

acquisition

the gradual formation of an association between a conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.

extinction

a process in which the conditioned response is weakened when the conditioned stimulus is repeated without the unconditioned stimulus

spontaneous recovery

a process in which a previously extinguished response reemerges after the conditioned stimulus is presented again

stimulus generalization

learning that occurs when stimuli that are similar but not identical to the conditioned stimulus produce the conditioned response.

stimulus discrimination

a differentiation between two similar stimuli when only one of them is consistently associated with the unconditioned stimulus.

operant conditioning

a learning process in which the consequences of an action determine the likelihood that the action will be performed in the future.

positive reinforcement

the addition of a stimulus to increase the probability that a behavior will be repeated

negative reinforcement

the removal of a stimulus to increase the probability that a behavior will be repeated

positive punishment

the addition of a stimulus to decrease the probability that a behavior will recur

negative punishment

the removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability that a behavior will recur

fixed interval schedule (FI)

reinforcing the occurrence of a particular behavior after predetermined amount of time since the last reward

variable interval schedule (VI)

reinforcing the occurrence of a particular behavior after an unpredictable and varying amount of time since the last reward.

fixed ratio schedule (FR)

reinforcing a particular behavior after that behavior has occurred a predetermined number of times.

variable ratio schedule (VR)

reinforcing a particular behavior after the behavior has occurred an unpredictable and varying number of times

partial-reinforcement extinction effect

the greater persistence of behavior under partial reinforcement than under continuous reinforcement

cognitive map

visuospatial mental representation of an environment

latent learning

learning that takes place in the absence of reinforcement

insight learning

a sudden understanding of how to solve a problem after a period of either inaction or thinking about the problem

observational learning

the acquisition or modification of a behavior after exposure to at least one performance of that behavior

modeling

the imitation of behavior through observational learning

vicarious conditioning

learning the consequences of an action by watching others being rewarded or punished for performing the action.