Psych Ch. 6

Front 1

Learning

Back 1

A relatively permanent change in Behavior or mental processes caused by experience

Front 2

Classical conditioning

Back 2

A type of learning that develops to paired Association; a previously neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

Front 3

Conditioning

Back 3

The process of learning associations between stimuli and behavioral responses. It's a 3 step process: before/during/after conditioning.

Front 4

Neutral stimulus

Back 4

A stimulus that, before conditioning, does not naturally bring about the response of interest.

Front 5

Unconditioned stimulus

Back 5

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without previous conditioning.

Front 6

Unconditioned response

Back 6

In classical conditioning, an unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning.

Front 7

Conditioned stimulus

Back 7

In classical conditioning, a previously neutral stimulus becomes conditioned through repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, and it now elicits a conditioned response.

Front 8

Conditioned response

Back 8

In classical conditioning, a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus.

Front 9

Conditioned emotional response

Back 9

Through classical conditioning, an emotion, such as fear, becomes a learned, conditioned response to a previously neutral stimulus.

Front 10

Acquisition

Back 10

The initial learning (acquisition) of classically conditioned stimulus-response relationship; learning occurs (is aquired) when an organism links a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, which in turn elicits the conditioned response. [In operant conditioning, learning occurs (is acquired) when an organism links a response with a consequence, such as a reward.]

Front 11

Stimulus generalization

Back 11

The conditioned response is elicited not only by the conditioned stimulus but also by stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus.

Front 12

Stimulus discrimination

Back 12

A conditioning process in which an organism learns to respond differently to stimuli that differ from the conditioned stimulus on some dimension.

Front 13

Extinction in classical conditioning

Back 13

The diminishing of a response when the unconditioned stimulus is withheld or removed.

Front 14

Spontaneous recovery

Back 14

The sudden reappearance, after a period of rest, of a previously extinguished conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus.

Front 15

Higher order conditioning

Back 15

A process in which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through repeated pairings with a previously conditioned stimulus

Front 16

Operant conditioning

Back 16

Learning through voluntary behavior and its subsequent consequences; reinforcement increases behavioral Tendencies, whereas punishment decreases them

Front 17

Reinforcement

Back 17

The adding or taking away of a stimulus following a response, which increases the likelihood of that response being repeated

Front 18

Punishment

Back 18

The adding or taking away of a stimulus following a response, which decreases the likelihood of that

Front 19

Law of effect

Back 19

Thorndikes rule that responses that produces a satisfying effect are more likely to occur again, whereas those that produce a discomforting effect become less likely to occur again

Front 20

Primary reinforcers

Back 20

Any stimuli that increase the probability of a response because of their innate, biological value, such as food and water

Front 21

Secondary reinforcers

Back 21

Any stimuli that increase the probability of a response because of their learned Value, such as money and material possessions