Psych (Ch. 5 And Ch. 6)

Front 1

zygote

Back 1

The fertilized egg

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embryo

Back 2

The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month

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fetus

Back 3

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

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teratogen

Back 4

agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Front 5

schema

Back 5

a concept of framework that organizes and interprets information

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assimilation

Back 6

interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

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accommodation

Back 7

adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

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sensorimotor stage

Back 8

The stage during which infan t s know the words mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities (birth-2 years old)

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pre operational stage

Back 9

The stage during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic (2-7 years old)

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concrete operations stage

Back 10

The stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events (7-11 years old)

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habitation

Back 11

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation

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conservation

Back 12

recognizing quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape

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attachment

Back 13

an emotional tie with another person

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authoritarian

Back 14

strict parenting style

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authoritative

Back 15

Happy medium parenting style

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permissive

Back 16

laid back parenting style

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adolescence

Back 17

The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence

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puberty

Back 18

The period of sex u all maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

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menarche

Back 19

First period

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brain development

Back 20

frontal lobe lags behind limbic system development

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pre conventional stage

Back 21

self interest; obey ruled to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards (ex: if you save your wife, you'll be a hero)

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conventional stage

Back 22

uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order (ex: if you steal the drug, everyone will think you're a criminal)

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post conventional stage

Back 23

actions reflect belied in basic rights and send - defined ethical principles (ex: people have a right to live)

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emerging adulthood

Back 24

For some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid 20s, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood

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changes of middle adulthood and later life

Back 25

less likely to get flu/colds, slower information - processing speeds, small loss of brain cells

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psychophysics

Back 26

The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them

Front 27

sensation

Back 27

detection

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perception

Back 28

interpretation

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transduction

Back 29

changing one form of energy to another the brain can use

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absolute threshold

Back 30

The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

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signal detection theory

Back 31

No single absolute threshold; detection depends on variables

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difference thresholds

Back 32

The minimum difference between 2 stimuli required for detection 50% of the time

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sensory adaptation

Back 33

diminished sensitivity to repeated stimuli

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perceptual set

Back 34

mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not the other

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wavelength

Back 35

The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next

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pupil

Back 36

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

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lens

Back 37

The transparent structure behind the pupil thag changes shape to help focus images on the retina

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retina

Back 38

The light - sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

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rods

Back 39

retinal receptors that detect black, white, and grey; necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond

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cones

Back 40

retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations

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figure ground

Back 41

The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground)

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depth perception

Back 42

The ability to see objects in 3D although the images that strike the retina are 2D; allows us to judge distance

Front 43

visual cliff experiment

Back 43

a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

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perceptual constancy

Back 44

perceiving objects as unchanging even when illumination and retinal images change

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perceptual adaptation

Back 45

In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

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cochlear implants

Back 46

a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea (a part of the ear)

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kinesthesis

Back 47

The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

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vestibular sense

Back 48

The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance

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ESP

Back 49

The controversial claim 5 hat perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition