Psych Ch. 2 And 3

Front 1

glial cells

Back 1

support cells -assist neurons by providing structural support, nutrition, and removal of cell wastes---they manufacture myelin.

Front 2

neurons

Back 2

highly specialized cells that communicate information in chemical and electrical form---a nerve cell.

Front 3

sensory neurons

Back 3

convey information to the brain from sensory organs and internal organs.

Front 4

motor neurons

Back 4

neurons that signal muscles to relax and contract.

Front 5

interneurons

Back 5

communicates information from one neuron to the next.

Front 6

list 7 parts of the neuron.

Back 6

1-nucleus
2-dendrites
3-myelin sheath
4-nodes of ranvier
5-axon
6-synaptic gap
7-synaptic bulbs

Front 7

what is a working neuron called? resting?

Back 7

depolarized, polarized.

Front 8

list 6 neurotransmitters and what they do.

Back 8

1-acetylcholine - memory/learning/stimulates muscles to move/understanding
2-dopamine - movement/pleasure
3-serotonin - mood/emotional state/sleep
4-norepinephrine - activates neurons in brain--flight or fright/learning/memory rehiblitation
5-GABA - messages to brain to prevent anxiety
6-endorphins - kills pain/good feelings

Front 9

dendrites.

Back 9

recieve information from other neurons and sensory receptors.

Front 10

cell body

Back 10

provides energy for the neuron for functions

Front 11

nucleus

Back 11

contains cell's genetic material

Front 12

myelin sheath

Back 12

present on the axons of some neurons and increases neuron communication speed.

Front 13

nodes of ranvier

Back 13

gap in myelin sheath.

Front 14

axon

Back 14

carries neuron's message to other body areas

Front 15

what are the 2 parts of the nervous system?

Back 15

central nervous system and periphreal nervous system.

Front 16

what are the 2 parts of the central nervous system?

Back 16

-brain
-spinal cord

Front 17

what are the 2 parts of the periphreal nervous system?

Back 17

-somactic nervous system
-autonomic nervous system
(covers everything not brain and spinal cord)

Front 18

what does the somatic nervous system do?

Back 18

controls vol. muscles.

Front 19

what are the 2 parts of the autonomic nervous system and what does it do?

Back 19

-sympathetic nervous system
-parasympathetic nervous system
(controls things that we dont have to think about to operate like heartbeat and breathing)

Front 20

what does the sympathetic nervous system do?

Back 20

big switch---turns things on like heartbeat.

Front 21

what does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Back 21

lots of little switches---calms things down selectivly.

Front 22

what are the 3 parts of the brain?

Back 22

-hindbrain
-midbrain
-forebrain

Front 23

what are the 5 parts of the hindbrain?

Back 23

1-pons(coordinates movements on both sides of the body)
2-cerebellum(coordinates movement, balance, posture)
3-reticular formation(helps regulate attention and alertness)
4-medulla(breathing, heartbeat, etc.)
5-substantia nigra(motor skills)

Front 24

what is the midbrain?

Back 24

middle region of the brain, involved in processing visual and auditory information.

Front 25

what are the 2 parts of the forebrain

Back 25

1-cerebral cortex (divided into 2 hemispheres, responsible for sophisticated mental functions)
2-corpus callosum (thick band of axons that connects the 2 hemispheres of the cerebral cortex)

Front 26

what does the left brain best in?

Back 26

-math
-logic
-speech
-etc.

Front 27

what is the right brain best in?

Back 27

-art
-intuiton
-etc.

Front 28

what are the 4 lobes and what do they each control?

Back 28

1-temporal lobe (recieves auditory info)
2-occipital lobe (recieves visual info)
3-parietal lobe (processes somatic sensations)
4-frontal lobe (muscle movement, thinking, planning, emotional control)

Front 29

5 sense?

Back 29

-taste
-touch
-smell
-hearing
-sight

Front 30

what is sensation?

Back 30

process of detecting physical stimuli (light, sound, heat...)

Front 31

what is perception?

Back 31

how your mind interprets and organizes information.

Front 32

what are sensory receptors?

Back 32

cells unique to each sense organ that respond to certain sensory stimulation

Front 33

what is transduction?

Back 33

energy that is converted into coded neural impluses that can be processed by the nervous system so your brain can understand it.

Front 34

what is the route of sound till you hear it?

Back 34

-external auditory canal
-eardrum
-hammer, anvil, stirrup
-oval window
-cochlea
-basilar membrane
-cilia

Front 35

what are the chemical senses?

Back 35

smell and taste

Front 36

what is smell transduced by?

Back 36

olfactory bulbs

Front 37

what does smell report to?

Back 37

straight to the brain.

Front 38

what is bottom-up processing?

Back 38

information is driven by the actual experience the stimulus is giving you

based on taste, touch, etc.

Front 39

what is top-down processing?

Back 39

driven by experience, things you have learned in the past to bring on the new informaiton

Front 40

what is gestalt psychology--wertheimer?

Back 40

we look at things as a whole as oppose to looking at the parts of something.

we look at the whole before we see the parts.

Front 41

what is perceptual constancies?

Back 41

when we look at things that are skewed we still recognize them for what they are.

Front 42

what are the 2 cues for depth?

Back 42

1-monocular cues for depth (can be processed with either eye alone)
2-binocular cues for depth (can only be processed with both eyes together)

Front 43

what are 2 subdivisons for binocular cues for depth?

Back 43

1-convergence (degree to which muscle rotate your eyes to focus on an object
2-binocular disparity (slightly different image of an object is cast in the retina of each eye)

Front 44

what are the 3 senses with blind spots?

Back 44

1-sight
2-taste
3-smell

Front 45

what are the 7 parts of the eye?

Back 45

1-iris
2-pupil
3-cornea
4-lens
5-fovea
6-optic disk
7-retina

Front 46

what is the iris?

Back 46

the colored part of the eye---it is also a muscle that controls the size of the pupil

Front 47

what is the cornea?

Back 47

a clear membrane that covers the eye which gathers and directs incoming light

Front 48

what is the pupil?

Back 48

an opening in the middle of the eye which changes size to let in different amounts of light.

Front 49

what is the lens?

Back 49

structure behind the pupil which foucses/bends light as it enters the eye.

Front 50

what is the fovea?

Back 50

point in retina composed of cones that visual information is focused.

Front 51

what is the retina?

Back 51

membrane in the back of the eyeball that contains rods and cones.

Front 52

what is the optic disk?

Back 52

point where optic nerve leaves the eye---contains blind spot

Front 53

what are rods?

Back 53

sensory receptors that are responsible for periphreal vision and night vision

Front 54

what are cones?

Back 54

sensory receptors that detect color and are responsible for color vision and visual acuity.

Front 55

what do pons do?

Back 55

coordinates movement on both sides of the body

Front 56

what do cerebellum do?

Back 56

coordinates movement, balance, and posture

Front 57

what do reticular formation do?

Back 57

helps regulate attention and alertness

Front 58

what do medulla do?

Back 58

breathing, heartbeat, etc.

Front 59

what do substantia nigra do?

Back 59

motor skills.

Front 60

what does the cerebral cortex do?

Back 60

divided into 2 hemispheres, responsible for sophsicated mental functions

Front 61

what does the corpus callosum do?

Back 61

a thick band of axons that connects the 2 hemispheres of the cerebral cortex.

Front 62

what does the temporal lobe do?

Back 62

recieves auditory information

Front 63

what does the occipital lobe do?

Back 63

recieves visual information

Front 64

what does the pariental lobe do?

Back 64

processes somatic sensations

Front 65

what does the frontal lobe do?

Back 65

muscle movement, thinking, planning, etc.