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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hindsight bias
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Feeling that someting was obvious after we find out about it
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Critical Thinking
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Smart thinking tht examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence adn assesses conclusions QUESTIONS
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Theory
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explains behaviors by org. observations.predicts behaviors or event
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Hypotheses
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Testable predictions-what a good theory produces
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Operational Definitions
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A statement of the procedures used to define research variables.
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Replicate
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to create an identical situation over again. To get the same experiment
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Case Study
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An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
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Survey
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A technique for ascertaining the self reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a rep. random smaple of the group.
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Population
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All the cases in the group being studied, from which samples may be drawn.
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Random Sample
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A sample that fairly represents a pop b/c each member has an equal chance of inclusion
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Naturalistic Observation
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Observing and recording behavior in naturally occuring situations w/out trying to manipulate and control the situation.
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Correlation
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A measure of teh extent to which two factors vary together and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
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Correlation Coeffficient
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A statistical index of the relationship between two things
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Scatterplots
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A graphed cluster of dots, each of which rep. the values of two variables. The slope of the points suggests teh direction of the relatiohship b/w teh two variables. The amount of scatter suggests teh strength of the correlation.
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Experiment
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A research method in which an investigatomanipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process.
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Random Assignment
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Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences b/w those assigned to the different groups
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Double Blind Procedure
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An experimental procedure in which both the research participants adn the research staff are ignorant about wether the research participants have recieved the treatment or a placebo.
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Experimental Group
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in an experiment the group tht is exposed to the treatment that is to one version of the independent variable
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Control Group
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In an experiment the group that is not exposed to the treatment contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluatin the effect of the treatment
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Independent variable
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The experimental factor that is manipulated teh variable whose effect is beeing studied
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Dependent Variable
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The outcome factor the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
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Standard Deviation
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A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
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Normal Curve
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(normal distribution)-A symmetrical, bell shaped curve that describes teh distribution of many types of data most scores fall near the mean and fewer and fewer near the extremes
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Statistical Significance
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A statistical statememtn of how likely it is that an obtained result occured by chance
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Culture
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The enduring behaviors, ideas,attitudes, adn traditions shared by a group of ppl in a transmitted from one generation to the next
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