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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
levels of analysis |
the differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon |
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behavior genetics |
how our genes and our environments influence our individual differences |
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neuroscience |
how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences |
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cognitive neuroscience |
the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition |
including perception, thinking, memory, and language |
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correlation coefficient |
the statistical index of the relationship between two things |
-1 to +1 |
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statistical significance |
a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance |
more likely if: •generalized population •little variability •large population |
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endocrine system |
a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream |
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nervous system |
the body's speedy electochemical communication network |
consists of all the nerve-cells in the PNS and CNS |
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somatic nervous system |
the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles |
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glutamate |
a major excitatory neurotransmitter
involved in memory |
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GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) |
a major inhibitory neurotransmitter |
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norepinephrine |
a neurotransmitter that helps control alertness and arousal |
AKA noradrenaline |
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serotonin |
a neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal |
low levels: depression high levels: no dreams |
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dopamine |
a neurotransmitter that influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion |
low levels: Parkinson's disease high levels: schizophrenia |
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adrenal glands |
a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress |
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Acetylcholine (Ach) |
a neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, learning, and memory |
linked to Alzheimers and muscle spasms |
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amygdala |
linked to emotions |
two lima-bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system |
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reticular formation |
a nerve network that travels through the brainstem and plays an important role in controlling arousal |
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cerebellum |
processes sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance |
little brain |
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cerebral cortex |
the body's ultimate control and information processing center |
intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres |
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PET Scan |
a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task |
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MRI |
a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue |
shows brain anatomy |
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fMRI |
a technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans |
shows brain functions |
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medulla |
controls heartbeat and breathing |
base of the brainstem |
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thalamus |
the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem |
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brain stem |
responsible for automatic survival functions |
oldest part and central core of the brain |
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limbic system |
responsible for emotions and drives |
includes hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus |
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hypothalamus |
directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward |
a neural structure lying below the thalamus |
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electroencephalogram |
an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweeps across the brain's surface |
measured by electrodes placed on the scalp |
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temporal lobes |
includes auditory areas, each receiving primarily from the opposite ear |
portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears |
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occipital lobes |
includes areas that receive visual information from the visual fields |
portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head |
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parietal lobes |
receives sensory input for touch and body position |
portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and towards the rear |
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frontal lobes |
involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements |
portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead |