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33 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
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levels of analysis

the differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon

behavior genetics

how our genes and our environments influence our individual differences

neuroscience

how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

cognitive neuroscience

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition

including perception, thinking, memory, and language

correlation coefficient

the statistical index of the relationship between two things

-1 to +1

statistical significance

a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

more likely if:


•generalized population


•little variability


•large population

endocrine system

a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

nervous system

the body's speedy electochemical communication network

consists of all the nerve-cells in the PNS and CNS

somatic nervous system

the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles

glutamate

a major excitatory neurotransmitter



involved in memory

GABA


(gamma aminobutyric acid)

a major inhibitory neurotransmitter

norepinephrine

a neurotransmitter that helps control alertness and arousal

AKA noradrenaline

serotonin

a neurotransmitter that affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

low levels: depression


high levels: no dreams

dopamine

a neurotransmitter that influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

low levels: Parkinson's disease


high levels: schizophrenia

adrenal glands

a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress

Acetylcholine


(Ach)

a neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, learning, and memory

linked to Alzheimers and muscle spasms

amygdala

linked to emotions

two lima-bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system

reticular formation

a nerve network that travels through the brainstem and plays an important role in controlling arousal

cerebellum

processes sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance

little brain

cerebral cortex

the body's ultimate control and information processing center

intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres

PET Scan

a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task

MRI

a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue

shows brain anatomy

fMRI

a technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans

shows brain functions

medulla

controls heartbeat and breathing

base of the brainstem

thalamus

the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem

brain stem

responsible for automatic survival functions

oldest part and central core of the brain

limbic system

responsible for emotions and drives

includes hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus

hypothalamus

directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward

a neural structure lying below the thalamus

electroencephalogram

an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweeps across the brain's surface

measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

temporal lobes

includes auditory areas, each receiving primarily from the opposite ear

portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears

occipital lobes

includes areas that receive visual information from the visual fields

portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head

parietal lobes

receives sensory input for touch and body position

portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and towards the rear

frontal lobes

involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgements

portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead