• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/24

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Classical conditioning
-a kind of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to produce a response that was originally produced
Conditioned emotional response-
feeling some positive or negative emotion, such as happiness, fear, or anxiety, when experiencing a stimulus that initially accompanied a pleasant or painful event.
Conditioned response
elicited by the conditioned stimulus, is similar to, but not identical in size or amount to, the unconditioned response.
Conditioned stimulus
formerly neutral stimulus that has acquired the ability to elicit a response that was previously elicited by the unconditioned stimulus.
Continuous reinforcement
every occurrence of the operant response results in delivery of the reinforcer.
Discrimination
in operant conditioning discrimination means that a response is emitted in the presence of a stimulus that is reinforced and not in the presence of unreinforced stimuli. In classical conditioning discrimination is the tendency for some stimuli but not others to elicit a conditioned response.
Extinction-
in operant conditioning, extinction refers to the reduction in an operant response when it is no longer followed by the reinforcer. In classical conditioning, extinction refers to the reduction in a response when the conditioned stimulus is no longer followed by the unconditioned stimulus.
Fixed-interval schedule
a reinforcer occurs only after a fixed number of responses are made by the subject
Generalization
in operant conditioning generalization is an animal or person emits the same response to similar stimuli. In classical conditioning generalization is the tendency for a stimulus similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response similar to the conditioned response.
Insight
a mental process marked by the sudden and unexpected solution to a problem: a phenomenon often called the “ah-ha!” experience.
Law of effect
says that if some random actions are followed by a pleasurable consequence or reward, such actions are strengthened and will likely occur in the future.
Learning
a relatively enduring or permanent change in behavior that results from previous experience with certain stimuli and responses.
Negative reinforcement
an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus whose removal increases the likelihood that the preceding response will occur again.
Operant conditioning
also called instrumental conditioning, a kind of learning in which an animal or human performs some behavior, and the following consequence (reward or punishment) increases or decreases the chance that an animal or human will again perform that same behavior.
Partial reinforcement
situation in which responding is reinforced only some of the time.
Positive reinforcement-
presenting an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus (such as spanking) after a response. The aversive stimulus decreases the chances that the response will recur.
Punishment
a consequence that occurs after a behavior and decreases the chance that the behavior will occur again.
Reinforcement
consequence that occurs after a behavior and increases the chance that the behavior will occur again.
Shaping
a procedure in which an experimenter successively reinforces behaviors that lead up to or approximate the desired behavior.
Spontaneous recovery-
n operant conditioning, spontaneous recovery refers to a temporary recovery in the rate of responding. In classical conditioning, spontaneous recovery refers to the temporary occurrence of the conditioned response to the presence of the conditioned stimulus.
Unconditioned response
is an unlearned, innate, involuntary physiological reflex that is elicited by the unconditioned stimulus.
Unconditioned stimulus
stimulus that triggers or elicits a physiological reflex, such as salivation or eye blink.
Variable-interval schedule
reinforcer occurs following the first correct response after an average amount of time has passed.
Variable-ration schedule
reinforcer is delivered after an average number of correct responses has occurred.