Memory

Front 1

Memory

Back 1

Retention of information over time

Front 2

Encoding

Back 2

transform to a form it can be retained

Front 3

Storage

Back 3

Retain for later use

Front 4

Retrieval

Back 4

Recover stored info

Front 5

First step to memory

Back 5

Encoding

Front 6

Process that info gets into storage

Back 6

Encoding

Front 7

Shallow encoding

Back 7

Physical and perceptual features are analyzed

Front 8

Intermediate encoding

Back 8

Label it

Stimulus is recognized and labeled

Front 9

Deeper encoding

Back 9

Make associations

Semantic, meaningful

Front 10

Elaboration

Back 10

Formation of a number of different connections around a stimulus at any given level of memory encoding

Front 11

Creating a huge spider web of link between new info and everything one already knows

Back 11

Elaboration

Front 12

Can occur at any process level

Back 12

Elaboration

Front 13

Sensory memory

Back 13

Registers environmental info

Front 14

Holds info from the world and its original sensory form for only an instant

Back 14

Sensory memory

Front 15

Only stored for a few seconds

Back 15

Sensory memory

Front 16

Limited but large capacity

Back 16

Sensory memory

Front 17

Atkinson shiffrin Theory

Back 17

Transfer info into different memory stages. Sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory

Front 18

Short-term memory

Back 18

Working memory. Receives new info from sensory memory and stored info from long term memory

Front 19

Duration as long as 30 seconds

Back 19

Short-term memory

Front 20

Smaller capacity than sensory, 7 plus or minus 2 memories out of time, stores memory for longer then sensory memory

Back 20

Short-term memory

Front 21

Chunking

Back 21

Grouping info that exceeds the 7 plus or minus 2 memory into an order that can be remembered as single units

Front 22

Rehearsal

Back 22

Constant repetition of info, better for list and short-term memory

Front 23

Working memory

Back 23

Mental workbench, short-term memory, combination of short-term memory and attention that allows us to hold info temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks

Front 24

Relatively permanent, unlimited capacity, long-time storage

Back 24

Long term memory

Front 25

Episodic memory

Back 25

Long term memory of autobiographical events

Front 26

Semantic memory

Back 26

Long term memory of general knowledge

Front 27

Procedural memory

Back 27

Long term memory for performance skills

Front 28

Retrieval

Back 28

Accessing a memory typically long-term

Front 29

Serial position effect

Back 29

Remembering items at the beginning and end of a list better than the middle

Front 30

Retrieval cues

Back 30

Hints that prompt memories

Front 31

Recall

Back 31

Retrieve using a general cue

ex: essay exam

Front 32

Recognition

Back 32

Retrieve using a specific cue

Ex: multiple choice

Front 33

Context-dependent memory

Back 33

Remembering better when they're in the same setting as when they learned it

Front 34

Godden and baddley

Back 34

Context-dependent memory, recall is better when the retrieval context is the same

Front 35

Flashbulb memories

Back 35

Significant, rare, or emotional event, easier to recall, may contain distortion

Front 36

Repressed memories

Back 36

Defense mechanism, a person forgets a traumatic experience subconsciously

Front 37

Motivated forgetting

Back 37

Defense mechanism, and every so painful they purposely forget

Front 38

Eyewitness

Back 38

Distorted biased and full of inaccuracies

Front 39

Forgetting

Back 39

Encoding failure, never encoded into long-term memory, sometimes people don't forget the memory but don't encode the info

Front 40

Retrieval failure

Back 40

Trouble with retrieving an encoded memory, info storage problem, effects of time, personal reasons for forgetting, brains conditioning

Front 41

Interference Theory

Back 41

Memories compete / replace each other

Front 42

Proactive interference

Back 42

Old memories interfering with new memories

Front 43

Retroactive interference

Back 43

New memories interfere with the old memories

Front 44

Anterograde amnesia

Back 44

Inability to form new memories, can't form new semantic and episodic long-term memories procedural memories intact

Front 45

Retrograde amnesia

Back 45

Lose some or all memories of your past, especially episodic