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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cognition |
The way in which information is processed and manipulated on remembering thinking and knowing |
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Artifical intelligence |
A scientific field that focuses on crating machines capacle on crating machines performing activities that's require intelligence when that are done by people |
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Thinking |
The mental process of manipulation info me tally by forming concepts solving problems making decisions and reflecting critically creatively |
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Concept |
A mental category that is used to group objects and characteristics |
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Prototype model |
A model emphasizing that when people evaluate whether a given item refelctects a cetain concept they compare them in that caterogroy |
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Problem solving |
The mental process of finding an appropriate way to attain a goal when the foal is not readily available. |
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Subgoals |
Intermediate goals or intermediate problems that put us in a better potion for reaching the final goal or solution |
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Algorithms |
Strategy including formulas instructions and the testing of all possible solutions |
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Heuristics |
Shortcut startegies or guidelines that suggest a slot yoke to a problem but do not guarantee |
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Fixation |
Using a prior strategy and failing to look a problem from a fresh new perspective |
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Functional fixedness |
Failing to solve a problem as a result of fixation on a things usual |
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Reasoning |
The mental activity of transforming information to reach conclusions |
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Inductive reasoning |
Reasoning from specific observations to make generalizations |
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Deductive reasoning |
Reasoning from a general that is known is known to be true to be specific instance |
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Decision making |
The mental activity of evaluating alternatives and choosing among them |
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Confirmation bias |
The tendency to search for and use info that supports our ideas rather than refutes them |
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Hindsight bias |
The tendency to report falsely after the fact we accuracy predicated an outcome. |
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Availability heuristic |
A prediction about the probably of an eye entry based on the ease of recalling or imaging similar events |
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Base rate fallacy |
The tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information |
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Representativeness heuristic |
The tendency to make judgements about group membership based on physical apparent especially or the match between and ones stereotype of a group |
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Mindfulness |
The state of being alert and mentally present for Ines everyday activities |
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Open mindedness |
The state of being receptive to other ways of looking at things |
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Diverge t thinking |
Thinking that produces many solutions to the same problem |
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Convergent thinking |
Thinking that produces the single best solution to a problem |
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Intelligence |
All purpose ability to do well on cognitive tasks to solve problems and to learn from experience |
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Validity |
The extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure |
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Reliability |
The extent to which a tests yields a consistent rt reproducible me sure of performance |
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Stanardzation |
The development of uniform procedures for administrative and scoring a test |
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Mental age |
An individual's level of mental development relative to that of others |
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Intelligence quotient |
An individual's mental age divided by by chronological age multiplied by 100 |
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Normal distribution |
A symmetrical bell shaped curve with a majority of the scores falling in the middle of the possible range and few scores |
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Culture fair tests |
Intelligence tests that are intended to be culturally unbaised |
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Heritablility |
The proportion of observable differences in a group that can be explained by differences in the genes of the groups members |
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Gifited |
Processing high intelligence or superior talent in a particular area. |
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Intellectual disabillity |
A condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has a low IQ, usually below 70 in a tradition intelligence |
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Truarchi theory of intelligence |
Sternbergs theory that intelligence comes in three forms analytical crate and practical |
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Language |
A form of communication whether spoken written or signed that is based on a system |
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Infinite generativity |
The ability of language of language to produce and endless number |
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Phonolgy |
A language sounds system |
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Morphology |
A languages rules for word formation |
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Syntax |
A languages rules for combining words to form acceptable phrases and sentences |
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Semantics |
The meaning if words and sentences in a particles language |
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Pragmatics |
The useful character of language and the ability of language to communicate even more meaning than is said |
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Cognitive appraisal |
Individuals interpretation of the events in their lives as harmful threatening or challenging and their determination. |
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Coping |
Managing taxing circumstances expending effort to solve life's problems and seeking to master or reduce stress |
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Cognitive reappraisal |
Regulating ones feelings about an experience but reeinterprtting that experience or thinking about it in a different way |
