Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Environmental cues of depth perception: |
Interposition, relative size, texture gradient, light and shadow |
|
|
Interposition |
Interruption of our views of objects |
|
|
Relative size |
objects far away appear smaller |
|
|
texture gradient |
we see greater detail on nearby objects |
|
|
light and shadow |
the reflection of light indicates depth |
|
|
sensation |
imprint of the environment on our nervous system; stimulation of sensory receptors caused by environment |
|
|
perception |
Interpreted sensory information. conscious experience of stimuli |
|
|
What influences perception? |
the environment, perceptual system, and knowledge |
|
|
Top Down processing |
Perception influenced by higher-level knowledge |
|
|
Bottom Up processing |
perception influenced by surroundings |
|
|
Gestalt Theory |
Atomism: whole objects are greater than the sum of their parts |
|
|
Gestalt perception |
Our mind AUTOMATICALLY orders info in a way that is common, orderly, symmetric, and simple |
|
|
disadvantage of gestalt laws |
they can sometimes lead to incorrect perceptions |
|
|
heuristics |
rules of thumb that provide a best guess solution to a problem |
|
|
Law of similarity |
Similar things appear to be grouped together |
|
|
Law of familiarity |
Things that form patterns that are familiar or meaningful are more likely to be grouped together |
|
|
oblique effect |
perceiving horizontals and verticals more easily than other orientations |
|
|
what are some elements of Gestalt Perception? |
closure, common fate, symmetry, proximity, continuity, similarity |
|
|
Template theory |
theory that humans store massive # of templates representing e. object that a person has encountered & used to recognize/ identify objects |
|
|
Feature Detection Theory |
Theory that patterns are recognized by detecting their component parts; recognizing pieces and putting them together |
|
|
Mental chronometry |
measuring how long a cognitive process takes |
|
|
how long does it take to make a decision? |
about 1/10th of a second |
|
|
Structuralism |
experience is determined by combining elements of experience called sensations -method |
|
|
Analytic introspection |
participants trained to describe experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli |
|
|
classical conditioning |
pair a neutral event with an event that naturally produces an outcome |
|
|
operant conditioning |
shape behavior by reward or punishment |
|
|
What contains mechanisms responsible for most of cognitive functions? |
cerebral cortex |
|
|
Lobes of cerebral cortex |
Frontal-reasoning, motor functioning (mental processes) Parietal- touch, pain (sensations) Temporal- auditory/perceptual processing Occipital- Vision |
|
|
Advantage of ERP |
continuous and rapid measurements |
|
|
disadvantage |
doesn't give precise location |
|
|
attention |
ability to focus on specific stimuli or locations |
|
|
overt attention |
shifting attention from one place to another by moving eyes |
|
|
covert attention |
shifting attention w/o eye movement |
|
|
What is a dichotic listening experiment? |
experiment where different messages are played in each ear |
|
|
Cocktail Party effect |
When one's own name in presented in the unattended ear and they hear it |
|
|
What is the Stroop effect? |
naming the color of the word takes longer and more prone to errors than when the color of the ink matches the name of the color |
|
|
saccades |
rapid movements of the eye from one place to another |
|
|
fixations |
short pauses on points of interest |
|
|
What are illusory conjunctions? |
the false conjoining of features |
|
|
What are properties of sensory memory? |
Holds large amount of info for initial processing, short-lived, fills in blanks |
|
|
Properties of STM |
auditory, visual, semantic |
|
|
What does working memory combine? |
storing and processing
|
|
|
Working Memory |
Limited capacity system for temporary storage and manipulation of info for complex tasks (such as comprehension) |
|
|
Phonological loop |
verbal and auditory information (used when remembering a phone # or persons name) |
|
|
visuospatial sketchpad |
visual and spatial information (used when solving puzzles, or finding your way around town) |
|
|
physiological approach to coding |
how stimulus is represented by firing of neurons |
