Psych 344 - History Of Science Pt Ii. (Modern Era)

Front 1

Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882)

Back 1

theory of natural selection or descent with modification

Front 2

Wilhelm Maximillian Wundt (1832 - 1920)

Back 2

father of modern psychology; voluntarism movement; rationalist tradition; experimentation useful got basic mental processes but not higher cognitive functions

Front 3

voluntarism

Back 3

emphasized the role of the will or purposeful behavior in psychology

Front 4

Wundt's primary interest

Back 4

in the psychological processes that we use to experience the external world

Front 5

Wundt wanted to find these 2 things, through what type of experiment technique

Back 5

1) the basic elements of thought
2)law that describe how these elements combine into complex mental experiences

he used experimental introspection to study the basic elements of thought

Front 6

Edward Bradford Titchener (1867 - 1927)

Back 6

founder of the structuralism movement; sought to understand immediate experience (consciousness)

Front 7

Tichner sought theses 3 things

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1) catalog all basic mental experiences
2) how they could be combined to form complex thoughts
3) neurological substrates of such thoughts

Front 8

William James (1842-1910)

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published principles of psychology (important event in history of psych and functionalist movement); espoused pragmatism; radical empriscist

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pragmatism

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belief that an individual should use whatever means necessary to investigate psychological phenomena

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James was an advocate of

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1) introspecton
2) experimentation
3) study of animals, children and mentally ill
4) psychoanalysis
5) parapsychology
6) religious mysticism

Front 11

Edward Lee Thorndike (1874 - 1949)

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1st to write a dissertation solely on animal experimentation; research dealt with animals as models for human behavior; studied trial and error learning in a number of animal species

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Thorndike's 3 Conclusions from his research

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1) learning is incremental ( happens a little at a time)
2) learning occurs automatically
3) principles of learning are the same regardless of species ( humans and non-humans learn the same way)

Front 13

Those involved in Behaviorism

Back 13

Pavlov, Watson, Skinner

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Those involved in Cognitive Psychology

Back 14

Chomsky; Piaget