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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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psychology
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the study of behavior and mental processes
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industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology
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branch of psychology that is concerned with the study of behavior in work settings and the application of psychology principles to change work behavior
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two objectives of I/O psychology
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1) to conduct research in an effort to increase our knowledge and understanding of human work behavior
2) apply that knowledge to improve work behavior, the work environment, and the psychological conditions of workers. |
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Hugo Munsterberg
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research on personnel selection for streetcar operators
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Walter Dill Scott
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research on psychology of advertising
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Frederick W. Taylor
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research on time-and-motion studies which enhanced labor output significantly; this area of work became known as scientific management
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time and motion studies
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procedures in which work tasks are broken down into simple component movements and the movements timed to develop a more efficient method for performing the tasks
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problems with Taylor's philosophy today
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too narrow and limited for the more complex, creative problems
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milestone in the 1920s
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Yerkes created mass intelligence tests for amry recruits which trickled into the personnel selection
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milestone during the Great Depression
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development of the "human relations movement"
when Mayo experiemented with work environment and productivity, observations led to the Hawthorne effect: changes in behavior occuring as a function of participants' knowledge that htey are being observed and their expecations concerning their role as research participants |
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milestones during WWII
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increased and more complex machinery needed human factors psychology
selection and placement of military personnel - Army Gerneral Classification Test |
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the post war years and modern era
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new journal: Personnel Psychology 1948
1960s to 1990s: I/O psychology flourished - civil rights legislation led to more attention is selection process for jobs - I/O psychologists helped establish fair employment standards |
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Four trends in the world of work
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1) the changing nature of work
2) expanding focus on human resources 3) increasing diversity of the workforce 4) increasing globalization of business |
