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113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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psychology
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scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior
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4 goals of psych
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1. describe
2. understand and explain 3. predict 4. control |
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biological perspective
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understand mind and behavior through bio processes in brain
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psychodynamic perspective
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conscious and unconsicous focuses determine behavior
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behaviorist perspective
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environmental impact on person's actions
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cognitive perspective
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focus on storage and retrevial of info
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evolutionary perspective
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adaptive behavior traits
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humanistic perspective
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stresses free will
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feminist perspective
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stresses gender and behavior of sexes
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sociocultrual perspective
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identify social rules, roles and influences of group behavior
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Gesalt perspective
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looks at elements of experiments organized as a whole
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developmental
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change and growth over lifespan
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social
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individual and group behavior and responses across situations
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social behavior
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show up at a party overdressed
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experimental
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condut lab studies of learning, motivation and emiotions
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physiological
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looks at genetic influences and factors on behaviors
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cognitive
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explores upper level mental precesses
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personality
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define, describe and measure stability of behaviors and personality
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psychometric
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looks at measures of behavior through developments of tests
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continuous variable
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can be described over time
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categorical variable
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fixed meaning... yes or no
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validity
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does it measure what it's supposed to measure?
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reliability
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consistant results
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experimental method
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explores change in variable of interest
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sampling bias
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skewed samples will have results which dont generalize
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extraneous variable
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variable other than idenedent that impacts results
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confounding of variables
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variable which interacts, making it difficult to know true impact of idepent.
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demand characteristics
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subjects may behave in ways thet are expected of them
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naturalistic observation
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looks at behavior in a natural environment
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correlational studies
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explore relationship between two variables using scale
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conscious
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mental events we are aware of
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preconscious
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mental events that can be brought to our awareness
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unconscious
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mental events inaccessible to our awareness
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circadian cycle
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mental internal clock
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f(x) of sleep
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energy conservation
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REM
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active brainwaves, increase heart rate, increase blood pressure
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3 parts of brain
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forebrain, hindbrain, midbrain
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medulla
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regulates automatic functions
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pons
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regulates sleeping, walking and dreaming
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cerebellum
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balance and coordination of movement, analyzes sensory info.. affected by alcohol
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reticular formation
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modulates muscle reflexes, pain
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tectum
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vision and hearing.. control auditory
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tegmentum
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helps function movement and arousal
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thalamus
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relays motor impulses out of brain; directs incoming sensory messages; 4 'f's
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hypothalamus
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hunger, thirst, emotion
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pituitary gland
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master gland; directs secreation of hormones
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limbic system
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loosely interconnecter area of strustures in emotions
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amygdala
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evulates sensory info; fear response
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hippocampus
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formation and storage of memories
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occipital lobe
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contains visual cortex
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parietal lobe
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somatosensory cortex
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temporal lobe
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involved in memory perception
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Wernicke's area
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language comprehension
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frontal lobe
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contains the motor cortex; making plans, taking inifiatives
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Broca's area
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speech production
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prefrontal lobe
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personality; feelings
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left brain dominance
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production and comprehension of speech, reading ability
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right brain dominance
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visual and spatial ability; art and music
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genotype
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genetic makeup of organism
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phenotype
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observable or expressed characteristics of an organism
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multifactorial transmission
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environmental factors interact w/genetic factors to people's traits
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perception
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active process of porcessing of organizing stimuli input and giving it meanign
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signal detection theory
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various factors influence our sensory judgement
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Weber's law
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difference theshold is direcctly portational to magnatiude of stimulis to which being compared
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cornea
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where light waves enter
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pupil
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adjusts to control amount of light that enters eye
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iris
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control's pupil's size
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lens
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focuses images onto retina
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optic disk
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hole in retina;
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rods
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b&w; brightness receptor
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cones
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color receptors
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hue
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commonly what is meant by color
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trichromatic theory
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blue, gree and red
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opponent process theory
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each type of cone responds to two different wavelengths
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auditory canal
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where sound waves enter
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ear drum
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moveable membrane which vibrates in response to sound
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cochlea
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inner ear; hair= sound receptors
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olfactory receptors
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detects smells
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taste
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bitter, sour, sweet, salty
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kinesthetics
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body's way of giving feedback about our mescle and join position
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vestibular
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in innner ear; helps w/balance
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perceptual schemas
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mental repressutations for comparisons
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form perception
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organizing of sensations into meaningful shapes and patterns
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perceptual constancy
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objects appear to be relatively stable despite change in stimulation of sensory recptors
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central nervous system
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brain and spinal cord; receiving, processing and storing incoming info; sends out messages too; central command system
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peripheral nervous system
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nervous system outside brain and sc; connects brain and sc to other areas of body
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neuron
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individual cell which receive and transmit info
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sensory neuron
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carry info to brain from skin/organs
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motor neurons
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carry brain's output to muscels and glands
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interneurons
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traffic controllers
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glial cells
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help hold nuerons in placw
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dendrites
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receives messages from other neurons
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cell soma
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keep neurons alive
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axon
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transmit messages away formc ell body to other neurons
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synapses
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gaps between neurons
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neurontransmitter
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chemical substance which carry info across synaptic gays
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excitatory
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increase the likelyhood it will fire an action potential
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inhibitory
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decrease likelyhood it will fire an action potential
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serotonin
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involved in sleep, mood and depression
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dopamine
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involved in learning, memory and pleasureable emotion
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acetylcholine
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muscle action, memory and attention
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GABA
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inhibitory neurotransmitter, lower levels have higher levels of anxiety
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melatonin
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regulates biological rythem
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somatic nervous system
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relay info from skin and muscles to CNS about pain and feelings
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autonomic nervous system
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works automatically; breathing, hrv, digestion
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sympathetic nervous system
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mobilizes body for action; danger
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parasympathetic nervous system
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mobilizes body for saftely; safe
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hilgard
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altered level of consciousness
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spanos
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subjects interpret their behavior as caused by something other than self
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rituals
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hypnosis increase suggestability and creat expectations
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psychoactive drugs
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affects perception, mood and thinking by changing body chemistry
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stimulants
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speed up activity in CNS
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narcotics/opiates
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mimic endorphins, increase pleasure, decrease pain
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