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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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central nervous system
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brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous sytem
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autonomic and somatic
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cell body
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central part neuron
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nucleus
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brain
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dendrites
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branches that recieves messeges for other neurons
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axon
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long branch carrying info
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myelin sheath
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fatty white coating
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nodes of ranvier
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spaces between myelin sheath that allow impulses in and out
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polarization
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- and + are balanced
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depolarization
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each side is no longer balanced
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mutiple sclerosis
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detroys myelin sheath-severe difficulties controling muscles
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synapse
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space between one neuron and anouther neuron
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synaptic vesicles
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store neurotransmitters
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synaptic gap
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space between two synapse
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synaptic terminal
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knoblike tips of axon
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receptor sites
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catch neurotranmitters
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function of glial cells
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1-bring nutrients to neurons
2-produce myelin sheath 3-help transmit messeges across synaptic gap |
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acetylcholine
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help large muscles contract
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dopamine
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pleasure and reward to brain
helps large muscles move |
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serotonin
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regulates sleep, dreaming, appetite, anxiety, depression, and inhibition of violence
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norepinephrine
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regulates attention
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glutamate
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regulates cognition and emotion
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neuropeptides
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group of neurotransmitters that influence other neurotransmitters
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afferent neurons
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carrys info from body to cns
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efferent neuron
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carrys info from cns to body
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somatic system
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controls body movement skeletal muscles
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autonomic system
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regulates automatic systems ie breathing, gi,heart beating
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sympathic nervous sytem
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prepares body for flight or fight
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parasympathic nervous system
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promotes body healing while in down time mode.
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hindbrain
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base of skull contains
1-medulla 2-pons 3-cerebellum |
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medulla
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control breathins and reflexes
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pons
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balance, hearing, parasyspathic fuctons
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midbrain
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control eye movement
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forebrain
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controls-cognition,motivation emotion, action
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thalamus
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info in and out of brain
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hypothalamus
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control-emotion, body temp, sleep
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amygdala
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control- aggression and emotion
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hippocampus
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process info related to emotion
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cingulate cortex
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assists hippocampus to process cognition info relates to emotion
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broca's area
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language speaking
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wernicke's area
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understanding spoken language
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pet scan
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measures brain activity
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mri
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uses nuclei to create picture of brain
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functional mri
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measure use of oxygen by neuron
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eeg
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measures electric activity in brain
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corpus callosum
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bundle of nerves in middle of brain connecting left and right hemipheres
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hormones
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chemical substances that carries throught body to influence organ systems.
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pituitary gland
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located next to hypocampus.
it is the master gland of the body. control functions of the hypocampus |
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adrenal glands
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located on top of kidneys
assists in emotional arousal assists in metobolism secret epi and norepi |
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islets of longerhans
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located in the pancreas
regulates blood sugar |
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gonads
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ovaries/testes
secret sex hormones estrogen and testosterone |
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thyroid
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located under the larynx
regulates metabolism |
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parathyroid
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located in the thyroid
secretes parathormone which control the excitability of the nervous system |
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pineal gland
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located between cerebral hemipheres
secretes melatonin which regulates biorhythms- sleep, menstrual cycles |
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schizophrenia
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mental disorder that makes it difficult to tell the difference between real and unreal
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alzheimer's
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loss of memory, changes in problem solving, loss of time
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psychology
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study of the mind
science of behavior and mental processes |
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science
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observations
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behavior
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actions that can be observed
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mental processes
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private thoughts,feeling and emotions that can not be directly observed
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propose of psychology
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seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion, and behavior
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applications of psychology
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mental treatment, performance enhancement, self-help, ergonomics of daily life
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goals of psychology
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1-describe
2-predict 3-understand 4-influence |
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describe
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gather data from studies
ie: treating autism |
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predict
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pridict future behaviors
ie: pattern behavior of criminals |
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understand
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interpet behavior and actions
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influence
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using research to benefit people
ie:help better raise autistic child |
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structuralism
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founded by wilhelm & edward titchener
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introspection
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looking inward toward one's own consciousness
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gestalt psychology
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whole picture
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phi phenomenon
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two stationary stimuli appear to be moving due to rapid movement
ie:flash cartoons |
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functionalism
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founded by william james
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functionalism
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mental processes designed to help us function to survive
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flowing stream
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structuralism-study of molecules of water
functionalism-purpose of the water |
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cognition
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process of perceiving,thinking,believing, remembering,knowing,deciding
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cognition psychology
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combination of gestalt,functionalism,and structuralism
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pavlov
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identified "conditioning"
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social learning theory
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behavior learned from our environment
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unconscious mind
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mental processes we are unaware of
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sigmund freud
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psychological problems were caused by innate motives
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innate motives
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internal states or conditions tha activate behavior and give it direction
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humanistic psychology
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humans make thier own conscious choices but unconscious mind overrides conscious mind to make decisions
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self concept
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our view of what we are like
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psychometrics
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measurement of intelligence, personality, job appitude
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stanford-binet test
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use to measure IQ
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neuroscience
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link between biology and psychology
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scientific method
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observations done in a systematic method
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emirical evidence
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evidence based on observations that can be confirmed by others
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operational definitions
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based off of specific procedures to measure certain traits
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theories
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explainations of things
not necessarily "fact" |
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hypothesis
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prediction of the outcome of a study
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samples
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group of participants in a study
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research methods
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1-survey method
2-naturalistic observation 3-clinical method |
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survey method
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asking questions
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naturalistic method
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observing samples in their natural settings
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clinical method
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studying samples while recieving help from a professional
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correlations
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study how two things relate to each other
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variable
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factor theat can be measured numerically
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indepentant variable
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controlled by experimenter
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depentant variable
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value changes depanding on effect of indepentant variable
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experimental group
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group that recieves independent variable
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control group
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group does not get the independent variable
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placebo effect
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changes in behavior felt by subject even though they did not recieve anything to change their behavior
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statistic mean
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average
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statistics median
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middle point
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statistics mode
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number that is most frequent
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ethics of research
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1-freedom from coercion
2-informed consent 3-limited deception 4-adequate debriefin 5-confidentiality |
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freedom from coercion
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no pressure to paricipate in experiment
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informed consent
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participants are given full description of study before agreeing to participate
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limited deception
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participants can only be deceived as needed
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adequate debriefing
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participants have the right know about outcome of study as soon as possible.
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confidentiality
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results must protect participants anonymity and data kept safe from abuse
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