Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Surveys
Open ended questions |
Allow respondents to answer in any way they see fit.
*responses must be coded and categorized *restrict responses for proficiency |
|
|
Forced choice format
|
people give their opinion by picking the best of two or three options.
Strongly agree 1 Strongly disagree 5 *Likert Scale |
|
|
Leading questions
|
The way the question is worded solicits an answer that the repondent would deem ethically valid.
*word questions as general as possible. |
|
|
Double-Barreled Questions
|
Question wording is so complicated that respondents have trouble answering.
*"I look for main ideas as I read, and I formulate answers to questions as I read an assignment." |
|
|
Double-negative questions
|
Cognitively difficult for people can increase confusion and reduce the construct validity of the survey.
|
|
|
Question order
|
*Implicit answering due to question order.
|
|
|
Response sets
|
Yay saying
Nay saying Odd vs even number on scale Social Desirability |
|
|
Introspection:
Why do you do the things you do? |
-Fasle Memories
-Retrospective reports -We don't know why we do the things we do. |
|
|
Observations
|
Advantages over self report
*issues -Confirmation Bias -Changing observed behavior through expectations -Changing behavior by watching *Solutions -Unobtrusive observation -Habituation -Behavioral residue -Use multiple observers |
|
|
How many variables are there in an association claim?
|
Two
|
|
|
What makes a study correlational?
|
The two variables must be measurable.
|
|
|
When is it better to use a bar graph?
|
When one variable is a is category variable.
|
|
|
Statistical significence
|
the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis
|
|
|
Effect Size
|
The stronger the effect size, the greater the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis.
|
|
|
Sample Size
|
The larger the sample size, the more likely the results will be statistically significant.
|
|
|
How do outliers effect r?
|
Outliers can *skew the data* and have a huge effect on the distribution.
|
|
|
Restriction of range
|
Not enough variation to make statistically significant results.
|
|
|
Curvilinearity
|
Effects the size of r
|
|
|
Only assume causality if:
|
Covariance
Temporal precedence Internal Validity |
|
|
longitudinal design
|
Measure the same variables in the same people at different points in time.
Temporal Precedence |
