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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Learning
a process of change that occurs as a result of experience
process of learning vs. product of learning
process=change in behavior
product=performance
Experimental Analysis of Behavior
basic research to uncover fundamental laws of behavior
Applied Behavior Analysis
applying the principles in the lab to solve social problems
B.F. Skinner 's contributions
Experimental Analysis of Behavior
Operant Chamber
Cummulative Recorder
Response Rate measurement
B.F. Skinner's controversial inventions:
Rat/Pigeon behavior generalized to humans
The Air Crib
The Teaching Machine
Project Pigeon
Analysis of Verbal Behavior
Radical Behaviorism
No free will
Components Scientific Theories:
IV: observable cause manipulated
DV: observable effect measured
Intervening variable:between IV and DV. Theoretical concept that isn't observed
Syntax: rules and definitions of measurements and relationships among variables.
5 Major Criteria that Theories are Judged by:
Falsifiability: can be proven wrong
Simplicity
Generality
Fruitfulness:stimulates further research
Agreement w/ data
Anecdotes/case histories:
personal reports...beware of biased samples
Observational Techniques
experimenter is like a passive observer; uses random sampling but beware of sampling error.
confounding variable
not of interest to the experimenter but can affect the results of an experiment.
placebo effects
inactive pill that may cause patient to report improvement b/c of their expectations
experimenter effects
when you know which is the control group and experimental group... your reports may differ slightly.
Double Blind Procedure
when neither the subject nor the experimenter know which group is which
Statistically Significant
unlikely that the result occured by chance
What does inferential statistics ask?
what are the chances that the difference we see between two groups in an experiment is simply due to sampling error?
Advantages of Animal Research:
minimize placebo effect and expectancy
convenient/inexpensive
maximizes control
comparative simplicity
Criticisms of Animal Research:
complex skills can't be studied
not generalizable to humans
ethical issues
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee:
oversees all research projects involving animals.
Introspection
reflecting on reporting and analyzing one's own mental processes.
Watson argued that psych should only deal with observable events.