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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Learning
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a process of change that occurs as a result of experience
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process of learning vs. product of learning
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process=change in behavior
product=performance |
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Experimental Analysis of Behavior
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basic research to uncover fundamental laws of behavior
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Applied Behavior Analysis
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applying the principles in the lab to solve social problems
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B.F. Skinner 's contributions
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Experimental Analysis of Behavior
Operant Chamber Cummulative Recorder Response Rate measurement |
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B.F. Skinner's controversial inventions:
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Rat/Pigeon behavior generalized to humans
The Air Crib The Teaching Machine Project Pigeon Analysis of Verbal Behavior Radical Behaviorism No free will |
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Components Scientific Theories:
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IV: observable cause manipulated
DV: observable effect measured Intervening variable:between IV and DV. Theoretical concept that isn't observed Syntax: rules and definitions of measurements and relationships among variables. |
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5 Major Criteria that Theories are Judged by:
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Falsifiability: can be proven wrong
Simplicity Generality Fruitfulness:stimulates further research Agreement w/ data |
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Anecdotes/case histories:
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personal reports...beware of biased samples
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Observational Techniques
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experimenter is like a passive observer; uses random sampling but beware of sampling error.
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confounding variable
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not of interest to the experimenter but can affect the results of an experiment.
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placebo effects
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inactive pill that may cause patient to report improvement b/c of their expectations
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experimenter effects
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when you know which is the control group and experimental group... your reports may differ slightly.
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Double Blind Procedure
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when neither the subject nor the experimenter know which group is which
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Statistically Significant
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unlikely that the result occured by chance
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What does inferential statistics ask?
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what are the chances that the difference we see between two groups in an experiment is simply due to sampling error?
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Advantages of Animal Research:
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minimize placebo effect and expectancy
convenient/inexpensive maximizes control comparative simplicity |
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Criticisms of Animal Research:
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complex skills can't be studied
not generalizable to humans ethical issues |
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Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee:
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oversees all research projects involving animals.
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Introspection
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reflecting on reporting and analyzing one's own mental processes.
Watson argued that psych should only deal with observable events. |