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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sociobiology & Evolutionary psychology view
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genetic inheritance and natural selection emphasis
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Social Scientists =
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emphasize the role of culture and the environment
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Durham vies on human cultural and biological evolution =
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coevolution: competition among cultures led to the survival of the more fit cultures, but fitness depends on the reproductive success of individual within the culture.
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How can one tell if a fossil walked upright =
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how the spinal column was attached to the skull - the foramen magnum is near the center of the skull.
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Theories on how humans evolved bipedal walking
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1) more easy to catch high energy food and carry food in their arms
2)energy efficient means of locomotion over long distances |
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Homo Habilis =
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handyman
small under 4 ft less than 50 lbs |
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Homo erectus =
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larger brain
flatter face smaller teeth more athletic body males 5ft females 4ft made fire and tools, run like us |
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When did human evolution make its great leap forward?
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34,000 years ago because only after this time humans began to domesticate animals and develop agriculture.
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What allowed our ancestors to survive & prosper while other varieties did not?
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verbal communication
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Neoteny =
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humans take longer to develop, stay more childlike for longer and stay more youthful in maturity.
because we have pushed our development off to late and later stages - extending our lifespan and learning |
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Paradox of menopause and the theory of evolution.
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No longer bearing children after 40, when theory of evolution states they would be more successful if they bore children as long as possible.
devoting her later years to her existing offspring - maximizes her genetic potential. |
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Uniqueness of our brain =
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capacity for intelligence, creativity in problem solving and language.
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Differences in males and females today:
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males = thicker bones, bigger shoulders, more muscle, low voices, 5-12%larger, beards and body hair
females=breasts and hips |
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What leads to greater variance in reproductive success?
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polygyny.
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Differences in reproduction and sex between humans and baboons =
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Baboons behaviors is entirely under hormone control, and females only mate when in heat.
humans hormones are necessary for arousal and function, but not sufficient. |
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Evidence that humans have polygynous history=
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males have more extramarital affair, men are more likely to remarry and have children with another spouse.
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Paternity Uncertainty and the evolution of human behaviors =
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not knowing if the offspring is yours leads the male to behave in certain ways.
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How does the evolutionary theory explain sex differences in jealousy?
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males try to produce as many offspring as possible - activates jealousy in men biased toward cues related to sex
womens jealousy is activated to cues to the loss of commitment and investment from man. |
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Male violence and the evolutionary theory =
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male ancestors who possessed these traits were more successful in passing on their genes to their male offspring.
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Step Parent - Step child relations and the evolutionary theory =
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affection and parental investment of step parents toward step children will be less compared to biological offspring because step parents are not invested genetically.
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