Psych 301 - Chapter 10

Front 1

Thornhill and Gangstead

Back 1

measured bilateral symmetry in college kids, found that body symmetry is more attractive than facial symmetry
less symmetrical bodies predicted less symmetrical faces

Front 2

Mate Choice criteria within a species (Intersexual Selection):

Back 2

Species
Resources
Parental Ability
Phenotypical Quality
Phenotypical Similarity

Front 3

Differing Reproductive Strategies in Males and Females:

Back 3

males - try to impregnate as many female as possible
females - can only produce so many off spring so most of their reproductive effort is in parenting

Front 4

Sexual Conflict:

Back 4

males and females behave and develop differently to maximize reproductive success

-leads to sexual selection

Front 5

Sexual Selection:

Back 5

different characteristics are selected for as males and females maximize their individual reproductive potential

intra - member of one gender compete
inter-across gender selection

Front 6

Elephant Seals:

sexual conflict.

Back 6

beach master whale guards and mates with 30 females
females find resources and invest for 9 months with egg
males try to fertilize as many eggs as possible

Front 7

Sexual Dimorphism:

Back 7

differences in morphology and behavior between the male and female of a species

ex. males are more aggressive than female elephant seals

Front 8

Sexual Selection in elephant seals:

Back 8

most dominant and aggressive males mate successfully.

Front 9

Satellite Frogs:

Back 9

less fit male bull frongs that cant croak loudly enough to call a female. Intercept approaching females before they reach the dominant male.

Front 10

Why do some animals resort to an alternate strategy?

Back 10

sometimes the optimal strategy can't be done, so the sneaky alternate strategies are done because they can obtain some reproductive success

Front 11

Intrasexual selection tactics:

Back 11

hoarding and guarding
being sneaky
guarding and repelling (guards female until ready to mate then repels other males)
Sperm competition

Front 12

sperm competition

Back 12

competing to be the male that actually fertilizes the female

damselfly:device on penis to remove others sperm
salamanders:mimic female to induce ejaculation in another male on the ground.

Front 13

Coho salmon:

Back 13

dual male forms:
hooknoses = aggressive
jacks= sneaky maters

work equally well, balanced

Front 14

How does a female seal exercise choice?

Back 14

vocalizing loudly when a less dominant male tries to mate with her to get the dominant male to chase him off.

Front 15

Seahorses, pipefish, phalaropes, sandpipers, water bug =

Back 15

females trying to attract desirable males and males doing the parenting after eggs are laid.

Front 16

intraspecies Sexual Selection Dimorphism:

Back 16

members of one sex of a species compete vigorously with each other to acquire the right to mate with members of other sex.

Front 17

Interspecies Sexual Selection Dimorphism:

Back 17

one sex of a species (usually female) choose which mate to mate with . (males compete for attention and acceptance)

Front 18

Trivers Theory of Parental Investment:

Back 18

whichever sex invests more time energy and resources in parenting will be the choosier sex when selecting a mate.

Front 19

Courtship Rituals:

Back 19

male and females perform together

mallard ducks

Front 20

Courtship displays:

Back 20

only one sex performs for the other

peacocks

Front 21

Courtship ritual functions:

Back 21

identification
reduction of aggression
fitness assessment
mating readiness assessment
bonding

Front 22

Runaway Evolution Theory:

Back 22

peacocks long tails originally correlated with males fitness and as females selected for this, the tails got longer. But the tails can only go so far until the length is balanced by survival disadvantages

Front 23

Good Genes Theory:

Back 23

peahens may prefer the longer tail because those peacocks that possess them have survived despite their handicapped.

Front 24

Leks:

Back 24

a congregation of males on a space where they dance with colorful displays to attract females

provide no resources, parenting or nests

Front 25

Advantage of leks:

Back 25

females get the best genes
leks are safe place to mate

Front 26

Chorus:

Back 26

males congregate to call for females

easy for females to hear far away
provides the dilution effect against predators

Front 27

Protogynous hemaphroditism:

Back 27

female to male

Front 28

Protandrous Hermaphroditism:

Back 28

male to female

Front 29

Advantages of hermaphroditism:

Back 29

maximizes reproductive success by being one sex earlier in life and another later due to external fertilization

Front 30

Synchrony:

Back 30

estrous periods of female groups occur together at the same time of year.