Psych 300 - Exam 2 - Sleep

Front 1

Activation synthesis hypothesis

Back 1

a dream represents the brain's effort to make sense of sparse and distorted information.

Front 2

adenosine

Back 2

Caffeine increases arousal by blocking the receptors for adenosine a chemical that accumulates during wakefulness and increases drowsiness.

Front 3

alpha wave

Back 3

characteristic of relaxation, not of wakefulness,. Alpha waves move at a frequency of 8 to 12 per seconds.

Front 4

braindeath

Back 4

a condition with no sign of brain activity and no response to any stimulus.

Front 5

caffeine

Back 5

a drug that increases arousal by blocking the receptors for adenosine.

Front 6

cataplexy

Back 6

an attack of muscle weakness while the person remains awake. Often triggered by strong emotion.

Front 7

clinico-anatomical hypothesis

Back 7

an alternative view of dreams that dreams begin with arousing stimuli that are generated within the brain combined with recent memories and any information the brain is receiving from the senses., less emphasis on pons, pgowaves or rem sleep.

Front 8

coma

Back 8

an extended period of unconsciousness caused by head trauma, stroke or disease.

Front 9

endogenous circadian rhythm

Back 9

Cycle of sleep and wakefuness that lasts about a day.

Front 10

free running rhythm

Back 10

a rhythm that occurs when no stimuli reset or alter it.

Front 11

insomnia

Back 11

inadequate sleep

Front 12

jet lag

Back 12

a disruption of circadium rhythms due to a change in location.

Front 13

k-complex

Back 13

A K-complex is an (EEG) waveform that occurs during stage 2 of NREM sleep.They are more frequent in the first sleep cycles of sleep. K-complexes have been suggested both to protect sleep and also to engage in information processing

Front 14

locus coeruleus

Back 14

a small structure in the pons, emits bursts of impuses in response to meaningful events. It is silent during sleep.

Front 15

melatonin

Back 15

released by the pineal gland a few hours before normal sleep time. Feeds back to reset the biological clock through its effects on receptors in the SCN.

Front 16

minimaly conscious state

Back 16

unconscious state with occasional, brief periods ofpurposeful actionsn and a limited amount of speech comprehension.

Front 17

narcolepsy

Back 17

a condition characterized by frequent periods of sleepiness during theday.

Front 18

night terror

Back 18

experiences of intense anxiety from which a person awakens screaming in terror. Different from a nightmare.

Front 19

non-REM

Back 19

sleep stages other than rem sleep

Front 20

basal forebrain

Back 20

forebrain area anterior and dorsal to the hypothalamus; includes cell clusters that promote wakefulness and other cell clusters that promote sleep

Front 21

orexin (or hypocretin)

Back 21

neurotransmitter that stimulates acetylcholine-releasing cells and thereby increases wakefulness and arousal

Front 22

paradoxical seep

Back 22

sleep that is deep in some ways and light in others

Front 23

periodic limb movement disorder

Back 23

repeated involuntary movement of the legs and sometimes arms during sleep

Front 24

basal forebrain

Back 24

forebrain area anterior and dorsal to the hypothalamus; includes cell clusters that promote wakefulness and other cell clusters that promote sleep

Front 25

pgo wave

Back 25

pattern of high-amplitude electrical potentials that occurs first in the pons, then in the lateral geniculate, and finally in the occipital cortex

Front 26

orexin (or hypocretin)

Back 26

neurotransmitter that stimulates acetylcholine-releasing cells and thereby increases wakefulness and arousal

Front 27

pineal gland

Back 27

small unpaired gland in the brain, just posterior to the thalamus, that releases the hormone melatonin

Front 28

paradoxical seep

Back 28

sleep that is deep in some ways and light in others

Front 29

periodic limb movement disorder

Back 29

repeated involuntary movement of the legs and sometimes arms during sleep

Front 30

polysomnograph

Back 30

combination of EEG and eyemovement records, and sometimes other data, for a sleeping person

Front 31

pontomesencephalon

Back 31

part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal by axons that release acetylcholine and glutamate in the basal forebrain and thalamus

Front 32

pgo wave

Back 32

pattern of high-amplitude electrical potentials that occurs first in the pons, then in the lateral geniculate, and finally in the occipital cortex

Front 33

pineal gland

Back 33

small unpaired gland in the brain, just posterior to the thalamus, that releases the hormone melatonin

Front 34

prostaglandin

Back 34

hormone-like substance that induces sleep.

Front 35

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Back 35

same as paradoxical sleep

Front 36

polysomnograph

Back 36

combination of EEG and eyemovement records, and sometimes other data, for a sleeping person

Front 37

pontomesencephalon

Back 37

part of the reticular formation that contributes to cortical arousal by axons that release acetylcholine and glutamate in the basal forebrain and thalamus

Front 38

prostaglandin

Back 38

hormone-like substance that induces sleep.

Front 39

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Back 39

same as paradoxical sleep

Front 40

REM behavior disorder

Back 40

condition in which people move around vigorously during REM sleep

Front 41

reticular formation

Back 41

network of neurons in the medulla and other parts of the brainstem; the descending portion controls motor areas of the spinal cord; the ascending portion selectively increases arousal and attention in various forebrain areas

Front 42

sleep apnea

Back 42

inability to breathe while sleeping

Front 43

sleep spindle

Back 43

12- to 14-Hz brain waves in bursts that last at least half a second

Front 44

slow wave sleep (sws)

Back 44

often referred to as deep sleep, consists of stages three and four of non-rapid eye movement sleep

Front 45

suprachiasmatic nucleus (ScN)

Back 45

area of the hypothalamus, located just above the optic chiasm, that constitutes the biological clock

Front 46

vegetative state

Back 46

condition in which someone has decreased brain activity and alternates between wakefulness and sleep but shows only limited responsiveness, such as increased heart rate in response to a painful stimulus

Front 47

zeitgeber

Back 47

stimulus that resets a biological clock