Psych 300 Chapter 15

Front 1

acute

Back 1

conditions having a sudden onset and a strong possibility of ending quickly

Front 2

antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs

Back 2

drug that relieves schizophrenia

Front 3

atypical antidepressants

Back 3

miscellaneous group of drugs with antidepressant effects but only mild side effects (Wellbutrin, bupropion)

Front 4

bipolar (manic depressive) disorder

Back 4

condition in which a person alternates between the two poles of mania and depression

Front 5

Bipolar I

Back 5

condition including full-blown episodes of mania (more severe than bipolar II)

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Bipolar II

Back 6

condition with only mild manic phases, characterized mostly by agitation or anxiety (less severe than bipolar I)

Front 7

Borna disease

Back 7

a viral infection which may predispose people to depression

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butyrophenone

Back 8

class of antipsychotic drugs that includes haloperidol

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chlorpromazine

Back 9

first drug found to relieve the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

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chronic

Back 10

conditions having a gradual onset and long duration

Front 11

concordance

Back 11

pair of twins is concordant for a trait if both of them have it or if neither has it

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delusion

Back 12

beliefs that other people regard as unfounded, such as the belief that one is being severely persecuted

Front 13

differential diagnosis

Back 13

identification of a condition as distinct from all similar conditions

Front 14

dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia

Back 14

proposal that schizophrenia is due to excess activity at certain dopamine synapses

Front 15

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Back 15

electrically inducing a convulsion in an attempt to relieve depression or other disorder

Front 16

glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia

Back 16

proposal that schizophrenia is due to deficient activity at certain glutamate synapses

Front 17

hallucination

Back 17

sensory experience that does not correspond to reality

Front 18

lithium

Back 18

element whose salts are often used as a therapy for bipolar disorder

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major depression

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state of feeling sad, helpless, and lacking in energy and pleasure for weeks at a time

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mania

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condition of restless activity, excitement, laughter, self-confi dence, and few inhibitions

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monomine oxidase inhibitors

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drug that blocks the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO), a presynaptic terminal enzyme that metabolizes catecholamines and serotonin into inactive forms

Front 22

negative symptom

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absence of a behavior ordinarily seen in normal people (e.g., lack of emotional expression)

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neurodevelopmental hypothesis

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proposal that schizophrenia is based on abnormalities in the prenatal or neonatal development of the nervous system, which lead to subtle but important abnormalities of brain anatomy and major abnormalities in behavior

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phencyclidine

Back 24

drug that inhibits type NMDA glutamate receptors; at low doses, produces intoxication and slurred speech, and at higher doses, produces both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

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phenothiazine

Back 25

class of antipsychotic drugs that includes chlorpromazine

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positive symptom

Back 26

presence of a behavior not seen in normal people

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postpartum depression

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depression after giving birth

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schizophrenia

Back 28

disorder characterized both by a deteriorating ability to function in everyday life and by some combination of hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, movement disorder, and inappropriate emotional expressions

Front 29

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

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period of depression that recurs seasonally, such as in winter

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seaason of birth effect

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tendency for people born in winter to have a greater probability of developing schizophrenia than people born in other seasons

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second-generation antipsychotic

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drugs that alleviate schizophrenia without serious risk of producing movement disorders

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selecive serotonin reuptake inibitor (SSRI)

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drug that blocks the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic terminal

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tardive dyskinesia

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side effect of neuroleptic drugs characterized by tremors and other involuntary movements

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tricyclic

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drug that prevents the presynaptic neuron that releases serotonin or catecholamine molecules from reabsorbing them

Front 35

unipolar disorder

Back 35

mood disorder with only one extreme (or pole), generally depression