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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ACTION POTENTIAL
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A brief change in the electrical charge that exists across the neuronal cell membrane and travels down the length of the neuron
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AGONISTS
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Drugs that enhance or increase the activity of the neurotransmitter for which they are agonistic
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ANATOMIC DEGENERATION HYPOTHESIS
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The suggestion that some of the symptoms of schizophrenia (primarily negative) may be caused by degeneration or pathology of brain structures in the brains of these patients.
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ANTAGONISTS
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Drugs that diminish or decrease the activity of the neurotransmitter for which they are antogonistic
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ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
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The loss of memories for events that take place after the event thought to trigger the onset of amnesia
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CEREBRAL LATERALITY
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The observation that the left and right cerebral hemispheres are specialized with respect to their cognitive and behavioural functions.
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CONSOLIDATION
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The process of conversion of information or experience to a long term memory
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CONTRALATERAL ORGANIZATION
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The organization of the brain and body such that sensory and motor information to and from the left side of the body is primarily process by the right side of the brain and vice versa
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DISTRIBUTED FUNCTION
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The observation that some behavioural and psychological functions, particularly complex cognitive functions, require collective input from more than one brain structure to execute
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DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS
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The suggestion that some of the symptoms of schizophrenia (primarily positive) may be caused by an excess of dopamine activity in the brains of these patients.
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DOSE-RESPONSE CURVE
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A graph of the magnitude of effect of a drug as a function of the amount of drug administered
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EPSP
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A graded potential that depolarizes the neuronal cell membrane and thereby increases the likelihood of neural firing
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FUNCTIONAL SEGREGATION
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The organization of the cortex such that different areas of the same hierarchical level process different aspects of the same sensory stimulus
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HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZATION
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The organization of the cortex such that each subsequent projection area performs progressively more complex analyses of the stimulus
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IPSP
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A graded potential that hyperpolarizes the neuronal cell membrane and thereby decreases the likelihood of neural firing
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LOCALIZATION OF FUNCTION
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The observation that particular functions are mediated by specific structures of the brain
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LONG TERM POTENTATION
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The long lasting increase in neural excitability as synapses along a specific neural pathway though to be associate with particular memories/reflexes/motor activities
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MONOAMINE HYPOTHESIS
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The suggestion that depression is caused by a decrease in the activity of the monoamine (specifically, NE and SE) system.
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NEUROMODULATORS
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Chemicals that affect the activity of neurotransmitters by making them more or less effective
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NEUROPLASTICITY
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The ability of neural tissue to undergo physical change in response to injury, the developmental process or experience.
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NEUROTRANSMITTERS
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Chemicals that transmit the neural signal from one neuron to another via diffusion across the synaptic cleft
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PARALLEL PROCESSING
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The organization of the cortex such that unique information about the same sensory stimulus is simultaneously passed from one hierarchical level to the next through independent pathways
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RECEPTIVE FIELD
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The area of the visual field within which it is possible for a visual stimulus to influence the responses of one particular cell
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RETINOTOPIC ORGANIZATION
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An organizational principle of the visual system in which the spatial relationships between the stimuli compromising the original retinal image are maintained at all levels of the visual system.
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RETROGRADE AMNESIA
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The loss of memories for events that take place before the event thought to trigger the onset of amnesia
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SHAM LESION
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A placebo procedure in which the subject is exposed to all of the elements of the surgical procedure required to produce a brain lesion but the lesion itself is not produced.
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STEREOTAXIC TECHNIQUE
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A method of brain surgery that maps neuroanatomical structures onto a 3-D coordinate system, thereby allowing the precise identification of locations within the brain
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SYNAPSE
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The translation of the electrical neural signal into a chemical signal and the transmission of this signal on to the next neuron.
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THERAPEUTIC INDEX
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The ratio between the dose that produces lethal effects in 50% of the subjects to whom it is given and the dose that produces the desired effects in 50% of the subjects to whom it is given = (LD50/ED50).
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TRANSDUCTION
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The conversion of environmental energy into biochemical energy that can be used by the nervous system
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