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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Group definition
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2+ people who have direct interactions with each other over an extended period of time and share a common fate
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3 features of group
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Members have roles (expected behaviors for people who have certain positions…formal or informal)
Understand and follow group norm (expected behavior…implicitly understood to be appropriate)…sports team rituals, how dress with family or friends Members experience cohesiveness pressure (situational force that binds you together) |
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Collective definition
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2+ people who are engaging in a common activity but who have little interaction with each other
We are not talking about this here Not really doing it together or interacting with e/o..tends to be shorter term |
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Deindivituation
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Loss of individuality, which reduces normal constraints on behavior
We don’t feel like individuals.. Happens when something in the environment tells you that you wont be held accountable for your actions Increase in impulsive or deviant acts Deindividuation can lead to this |
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Deindividuation results from environmental cues that decrease..(2)
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accountability and attention to self
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Social facilitation
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Says that the presence of other people increases arousal..feeling the arousal strengthens your dominant response (more likely to make response to great degree)..if it is something easy, it enhances your performance because correct dominant response comes easily…and vice versa with difficult task
only when your individual performance can be attributed to you |
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Dominate response
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basically how you would do if nobody watching
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Evaluation apprehension (source 1 of arousal)
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Fear of being evaluated by others
Makes you aware that they can evaluate you..maybe nervous about how we look How to test? |
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Distraction conflict (source 2 of arousal)
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Attention divided between task and audience
Having other people there is simply a distraction..divided attention How to test? |
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social loafing
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When in the presence of others…
AND performance CANNOT be individually evaluated… People tend to do worse on easy tasks and better on difficult tasks |
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Groupthink
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Decision-making is impaired when maintaining group harmony is emphasized over accurate judgment
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4 things that lead to groupthink
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High cohesiveness
Important common goals, stress from outside Stressful times Also a contributer (should we invate Cuba…not, where we should go to dinner) Directive leader Where there is an opinionated leader..in cartoon Isolation Makes it in isolation..bad decision |
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Groupthink group symptoms
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High cohesiveness
Important common goals, stress from outside Stressful times Also a contributer (should we invate Cuba…not, where we should go to dinner) Directive leader Where there is an opinionated leader..in cartoon Isolation Makes it in isolation..bad decision |
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Decision symptoms of groupthink
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Incomplete survey of alternatives
No good information search Failure to examine risks of preferred choice Poor information search Biased processing of information Failure to make contingency plans |
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5 ways to avoid groupthink
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Leader stays quiet
Individual discussions Talking to each group member one on one Devil’s advocate Take on the role of arguing and pointing out the possible things that could go wrong..even if you don’t disagree..arguing for sake of arguing Outside opinions Alternate plan Cant fail to concern risks and backup plan |
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group polarization
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Leader stays quiet
Individual discussions Talking to each group member one on one Devil’s advocate Take on the role of arguing and pointing out the possible things that could go wrong..even if you don’t disagree..arguing for sake of arguing Outside opinions Alternate plan Cant fail to concern risks and backup plan |
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3 reasons for group polarization
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Persuasive arguments
More people you talk to, more persuasive arguments hear Social comparison We all think we are a little better than average..so if risky, we are a little more riskier than average…start heigtening your attitude to feel better than group members Self-presentation How you want to look to others in group if culture values risk, you will want to look tough in front of others |
