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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fluid intelligence depends on ____
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working memory
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3 factors of fluid intelligence
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the “ability to reason and solve problems involving new information, without relying extensively on an explicit base of declarative knowledge derived from either schooling or previous experience.” (Carpenter, Shell, & Just, 1990)
allows us to adapt thinking to new cognitive problems distinct from crystallized intelligence, which depends on knowledge and skills learned from experience |
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traditional view of fluid intelligence
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fluid intelligence is hereditary and largely can’t be changed
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recent work on fluid intelligence
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Training in specific working memory tasks can increase overall fluid intelligence
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Improvement on Raven's test after Dual N Back
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definite improvement..but more training, more improvement!
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explicit memory
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Conscious recollection
Declarative Knowledge Recall Recognition |
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implicit memory
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Unconscious change
Includes Procedural Knowledge example: Skills Priming |
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explicit memory tests and what they do
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Direct
Require subject to make explicit reference to previous study or learning Learning is tested through Recall Recognition |
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implicit memory tests and what they do
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Indirect
Tests do not make explicit reference to previous study or learning Learning is tested through changes in performance |
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psychogenic amnesia
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Relatively rare in the real world
Due to psychological, not physical trauma |
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organic amnesia
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Caused by injury to the brain
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Anterograde amnesia (example of organic)
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Inability to learn new explicit information after trauma
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Retrograde amnesia (example of organic)
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Inability to retrieve explicit information from prior to trauma
Usually temporally-graded Memory for old information typically intact More recent information more vulnerable Pure form is rare |
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Brain damage to amnesia starts in the _____
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Hippocampus
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Temporally graded retrograde amnesia
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Earliest explicit memories spared but anything past that is forgotten before surgery
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Patient H.M. has....
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anterograde amnesia and temporally graded retrograde amnesia
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Korsakoff's Amnesia
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Causes severe anterograde amnesia
Damage to the mammillary bodies associated with chronic alcoholism |
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Clive Wearing (and what he has)
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Lives in the present only
Music can extend his period of consciousness Anterograde amnesia and nearly complete retrograde amnesia for episodes No new memories Can’t remember people except for his wife No episodic memory Some retrograde semantic memory intact (he knows the meanings of words and can carry on a conversation) |
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Mirror reading (which people can do it)
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People with anterograde amnesia can get better at mirror reading!
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Patient N.A. (who he is and what he can do)
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Amnesia from accident with toy fencing foil
Shows normal improvement in mirror-reading speed with practice |
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Non-repeated word condition with mirror
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Practice mirror reading with different words each day
N.A. and controls both get faster over time (skill learning) No difference between N.A. and controls |
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Repeated word condition with mirrors
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Practice mirror reading with same words each day
N.A. and controls get faster over time (skill learning) N.A. worse than controls, because he doesn’t have benefit of explicit memory for words |
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priming definition
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Advantage in processing a stimulus as a result
of a previous exposure to that stimulus or to something similar. |
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Priming is a type of ____
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A type of implicit memory:
don’t have to remember it consciously. |
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What test to measure priming
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In studies of amnesia, a word fragment completion test
can be used to measure priming |
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Result of priming experiment with amnesics
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amnesics show normal priming, but poor recognition memory.
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