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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The tendency to assess one's abilities, achievements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against those of other people, especially one's peers.
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social comparison
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The particular habits, styles, and values that reflect the set of rules and rituals that characterize children as distinct from adult society.
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culture of children
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The process whereby children are taught by their peers to avoid restrictions imposed by adults.
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deviancy training
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Kohlberg's first level of moral reasoning, emphasizing rewards and punishments.
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preconventional moral reasoning
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Kohlberg's second level of moral reasoning, emphasizing social rules.
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conventional moral reasoning
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Kohlberg's third level of moral reasoning, emphasizing moral principles.
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postconventional moral reasoning
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Much of the research on children's morality began with:
Which led to? |
the descriptions of the rules used by children as they play.
Which led to Kohlberg's explanation of the cognitive stages of morality. |
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Who came up with the moral story of the man who had to steal medicine for his wife?
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Kohlberg
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What is important in the answer of Kohlberg's moral questions?
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The reason, which indicated different levels of moral reasoning.
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When do children's answers shift from being primarily preconventional to conventional?
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during middle childhood
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Kohlberg has been criticized for:
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not taking cultural or gender differences into account.
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Three common values among 6 - 11 year olds are:
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-Protect your friends
-don't tell adults -don't be too different from your peers |
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Rejected by peers because of antagonistic, confrontational behavior.
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aggressive-rejected
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Rejected by peers because of timid, withdrawn, and anxious behavior.
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withdrawn-rejected
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The ability to understand social interactions, including the causes and consequences of human behavior.
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social cognition
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The ability to regulate one's emotions and actions through effort, not simply through natural inclination.
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effortful control
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Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person.
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bullying
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Three types of unpopular children:
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neglected
aggressive-rejected withdrawn-rejected |
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Someone who attacks others, and who is attacked as well.
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bully-victim (provocative victim)
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The legal and genetic relationships among relatives in the same home.
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family structure
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The way a family works to meet the needs of its members.
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family function
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The most important family function for people of all ages is:
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to afford a safe haven of love and encouragement.
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School-age children thrive if their families function for them in these five ways:
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1) provide basic necessities
2) Encourage learning 3)Develop self-respect 4)Nurture peer relationships 5) Ensure harmony and stability |
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A family that consists of a father, mother, and their biological children under age 18.
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nuclear family
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A family that consists of only one parent and his or her biological children under age 18.
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single-parent family
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A family of three or more generations living in one household.
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extended family
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A family that consists of two adults and the children of the prior relationships of one or both parents and/or the new partnership.
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blended family
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What are the two crucial factors for family function that affect school-age children?
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low income & high conflict
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Freud's term for middle childhood, during which children's emotional drives and psychosocial needs are quiet.
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latency
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The capacity to adapt well to significant adversity and to overcome serious stress.
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resilience
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resilience is:
adversity must be: |
-dynamic
-a positive adaptation to stress adversity must be significant |
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An important discovery is that small stresses can:
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accumulate into major stresses
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