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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Positive Psychology
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Research on topics such as happiness and optimism
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Clinical Psychologist
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Interested in figuring out wats to treat depression, anxiety, stress
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Humanism
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Individuals seek to reach full potential. recognizes the importance of self.
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Biological Approach
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Looks at various reactions in the nervous system, the brain that might affect people
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Developmental psych
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looks at the types of changes that take place of the course of someones life.
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Independent Variable
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Variable that i controlled
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Dependent Variable
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Variable that is affected by the independent
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Naturalistic Observation
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Observing certain dynamics within its innate or usual state to determine patterns.
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correlation
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relationship between two variables
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neurotransmitters
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chemical messengers that take message from one neuron to another.
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cerebellum
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importance for balance and coordination
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broca's area
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damage causes difficulty producing speech
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frontal lobe
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part of brain that tat is used for decision making problem solving reasoning
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sympathetic nervous system
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the flight or fault part of the brain
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genotype
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actual genetic material contained in every cell
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dendrites
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receive information in the neuron
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axons
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take information away from the neuron
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sensory adaptation
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ability to adjust to stimuli that affects senses.
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closure
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dynamic that helps fill dots of information that isn't all there
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retina
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part of eye that analyzes and sends image
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rods
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receptor cells for low light
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cine
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receptor cells for colors
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kinesthetic senses
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consists of such things as muscle fibers and joints
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cycle of sleep
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as the sleep cycle goes on through the night an individual will spend more time in REM
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narcolepsy
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people suddenly sleep
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circadian rhythm
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24 biological cycle that regulates sleep
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Sleep apnea
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reflexive gasping for breath stops breathing at night
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activation-synthesis theory
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dreams occur because your bain is attempting to make sense of discharges in brain
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depressants
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reduces activity of the central nervous system lowering inhibitions
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amphetamines
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stimulants
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Unconditioned stimulus
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stimulus naturally triggers a response
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unconditioned response
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unlearned natural response to stimulus
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conditioned stimulus
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previously neutral stimulus triggers a response
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conditioned response
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learned response to neutral stimulus
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shaping
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reinforce gradual approximations to the desired goal
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acquisition
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formation of a learned response to a stimulus through presentation of unconditioned stimulus
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Generalization
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tendency to respond to similar stimulus
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discrimination
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learned ability to distinguish between the cs and other stimuli
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Stimulus Generalization
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The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the CS
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Primary reinforcer
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a reinforcer that is rewarding in it self. ie water, food
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Secondary renforcer
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acquired a reinforcer that acquires its reinforcing power through association with a primary reinforcer
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Fixed Ratio
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After a specified number of responses
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Variable ratio
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After an unpredictable number of responses
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fixed interval
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After a specified time has elapsed
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Variable Interval
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Unpredictable time inervals
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Punishment
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The aim of punishment is to decrease the likelihood that an ongoing behavior will recur
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Negative reinforcement
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The frequency of a behavior increases because of the removal of a negative thing
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Physical Punishment
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Children whose parents use physical punishment for aggression often become more aggressive as a result.
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Multitasking
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Des not assist in memory and remembering information. The only exception is peole with ADHD
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Attention
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process that enable information to move from sensory memory to short term memory
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Recall
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To remember something previously learned
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Recognition
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Memory task where you only have to identify learned items
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episodic memory
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memory for events
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chunking
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grouping or packing of information
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validity
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test measures what is supposed to measure
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reliability
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test yields the same result over and over again
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Intelligent Quotient Formula
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Mental Age/Chronical Age X100
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Verbal
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The ability to think in words and use language to express meaning
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Mathematical
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The ability to carry out mathematical operations
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Spatial
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Ability to think three dimernsionally
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Bodily-kinesthetic
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Ability to manipulate objects and to be physically adept
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Musical
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Ability to be sensitive to pitch melody rhythm and tone
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Interpersonal
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The ability to understand and interact with others
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Intrapersonal
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The ability to understand oneself
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Naturalist
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The ability to observe patterns in natural and human made systems
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Existentialist
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The ability to grapple with big questions of human existence
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Positive and negative affects on IQ
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Although Genetics may influence environmental factors and opportunities make a difference
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Chomsky
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People are pre wited to learn language
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Functional fixedness
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Failing to solve a promblem as a result of fixation on a thing's usual functions
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