Psych 215 Chapter 2 Review

Front 1

Research process

Back 1

Coming up with ideas, refining them, testing them, interpreting meaning of results obtained

Front 2

Treeing

Back 2

going from article to article ; valuable in searching info on related topics

Front 3

Hypothesis

Back 3

Explicit, testable prediction about conditions under which an event will occur

Front 4

Theory

Back 4

Organized set of principles used to explain observed phenomena
(usually evaluated in terms of simplicity, comprehensiveness and generativity or the ability to generate new hypotheses)

Front 5

Basic Research

Back 5

Seeks to increase our understanding of human behavior, often by testing a hypothesis based on a theory

Front 6

Applied Research

Back 6

Makes use of social psych theories/methods to enlarge our understanding of naturally occurring events and to contribute to solution of social problems

Front 7

Operational definition

Back 7

Specific procedure for manipulating or measuring a conceptual variable

Front 8

Construct validity

Back 8

to evaluate the manipulation and measurement of variables using the extent to which manipulations in an experiment really manipulate conceptual variables they were designed to
+ the extent to which the measures used in a study really measure the conceptual variables they were designed to measure.

Front 9

Self-reports

Back 9

Participants disclose thoughts, feelings, desires, actions through sets of questions that measure a single conceptual variable

Front 10

Narrative studies

Back 10

collect lengthy responses on a general topic which is then analyzed in terms of a coding scheme

Front 11

Qualitative research

Back 11

collection of data through open-ended responses, observation and interviews

Front 12

Quantitative research

Back 12

collection of numerical data through objective testing and statistical analysis

Front 13

Random sampling

Back 13

method of selection in which everyone has equal chance of being selected for the sample

Front 14

Correlation coefficient

Back 14

when researchers examine relationship between variables that vary in quantity, can also measure strength and direction of relationship between the variables and calculate a stat called correlation coefficient

Front 15

Prospective correlation

Back 15

obtained at different times from same individual (particularly useful in determining whether certain behaviors at a certain age are associated with other behavior at another age)

Front 16

Random assignment

Back 16

how participants in study are assigned to different conditions (is necessary fro determining cause and effect relationships

Front 17

Subject variables

Back 17

include variables neither dependent nor independent  ex of gender of ethnicity, which is not truly manipulated by researcher thus can’t be independent, and at the same time can’t be influenced by independent variable, and thus can’t be dependent variables

Front 18

Internal validity

Back 18

the degree to which there can be reasonable certainty that the independent variables in an experiment caused the effects obtained on the dependent variables

Front 19

Experimenter expectancy effects

Back 19

effects produced when an experimenter’s expectations about the results of an experiment affect his or her behavior toward a participant’s response) is to keep them uninformed about the participants assignments to conditions

Front 20

Mundane realism

Back 20

= degree to which the experimental situation resembles places and events in real world

Front 21

Experimental realism

Back 21

degree to which experimental procedures are involving to participants and lead them to behave naturally and spontaneously

Front 22

Meta-analysis

Back 22

set of statistical procedures used to review a body of evidence by combining the results of individual studies to measure the overall reliability and strength of particular effects (ex: studies on effect of alcohol on aggression sometimes contradict each other, combining all data relevant to the hypotheses can determine what effect alcohol typically has, how strong the effect is, and under what conditions that effect is likely to occur)

Front 23

Informed consent

Back 23

an individual’s deliberate, voluntary decision to participate in research, based on the researcher’s description of what will be required during such participation

Front 24

Debriefing

Back 24

during debriefing, deceptions are revealed and the researcher explains what happened and why