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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Definition of Psychology
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Study of mental processes and behavoirs
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What do physiological psycholgists study?
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The biological basis of behavoir
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What are the 5 enduring issues
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Mind/Body
Nature/Nurture Diversity/Universiality Person/Situation Stability/Change |
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What is a Theory?
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A set of principles that explain and predict a set of facts
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What is a hypothesis?
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An educated guess that tries to predict an outcome
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What is a dependent variable?
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Factor that is observed or measured
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What was Wundt's research interest?
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How physiology and psychology relate to each other
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What are the central themes of Functionalism?
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Purpose of behavoir
Must be observable, measurable |
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What is survey research?
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Questionnaire or interview designed to investigate opinions, behavoires of a target group.
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What is correlational method?
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Allows to predict relationships or associations between variables.
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What is reinforcement?
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The ooccurance of a stimulus or event following a response that increases the likelihood that response will be repeated.
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What are the methods that behavoirist use to overcome fear?
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Systematic desensitization, deep muscle relaxation
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What is the definition of learning?
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A process that produces a relatively enduring change in behavoir.
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What is the optimal spacing of the US and CS
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Immediately before the US.
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What is conditioned taste aversion?
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The dislike for and avoidance of a food that develops after an organism becomes ill from eating the food.
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What is shaping?
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?
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What is positive reinforcement?
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Situation in which a reponse is followed by the addition of a reinforceable stimulus, increasing the likelihood that the response will be repeated.
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What is negative reinforcement?
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Situation in which a respone results in the removal, avoidance or escape from aversive stimulus, incresing the likelihood that the response will be repeated.
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What is attention?
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Selection of info we give meaning to.
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What are sensory registers?
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Visual/Auditory
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What is STM?
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Short Term Memory
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What is the capacity of LTM
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Infinite
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What is episodic memory?
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LTM of speific events or episodes - includes the time and place.
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What is procedural memory?
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LTM of how to perform a task.
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What factors contribute to interference?
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Retroactive and proactive interference.
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What is a flashbulb memory?
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A memory that captures specific images or details surrounding a significant, rare or vivid event.
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What are mental images?
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A mental representatio of an object or event.
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What is a concept?
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A mental category of objects or ideas based on the properties they share.
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Prototypes?
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most typical instance of a particular concept.
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What are representative heuristics?
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Problem solving strategy that involves the following of a general rule to reduce the number of possible solutions.
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What is problem solving?
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Refers to thinking an behavoir directed toward attaining a goal that is not readily available.
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What is trial and error?
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Problem solving strategy that involves attempting different solutions and eliminating those that do not work.
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What is an algorithm?
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A problem solving strategy that involves following a specific rule, procedure or method that produces the correct solution.
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What is insight?
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The sudden realization of how a problem can be solved.
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What is random assignment in experiments?
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The assigning of participants in such a way as that all participants have an equal chance to be assigned to any of hte conditions or groups in the study.
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What factors are important in surveys?
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Question order, wording, response options.
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Can you make causal attributions with correlational research?
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no.
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What is systematic desensitization based on?
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Hierarchy of fear.
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What is learned helplessness?
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When exposure to insescapable and uncontrolable aversive events produce passive behavoir.
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What is a fixed interval schedule?
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Period of time that must occur before a reward.
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What is spontaneous recovery?
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The reappearence of a previously extinguished condtioned response after a period of time w/out expsure to the cs.
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What is chunking?
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The breakdown and grouping of information to facilitate its loading in STM.
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What is the recency effect?
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Tendency to recall the final items in a list.
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What is a schema?
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An organized cluster of information about a particular topic.
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What is implicit memory?
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Information or knowledge that affects behavoir or task performance but cannot be consiously recollected.
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What is Test reliability?
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The ability for a test to produce consistent results what administed under similar conditions.
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What is Functional fixedness?
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The tendency to view objects as functioning in their usual or customary way.
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What is thinking?
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The manipulation of mental representations of info to draw inferences and conclusions.
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What are the findisns for identical twins intelligence when they are reared apart
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Similar but not as close as when raised together.
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What are Garner's views on intelligence?
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Sees intelligence as a narrower concept then a globalize score.
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What are the 3 types of intelligence according to Sternberg?
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Analytical - mental abilities
Creative - ability to adjust to new situations Practical - capitalize on strengths and minmize weaknesses. |