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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sensation
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stimulation of sense organs
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perception
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selection, organization and interpretation of sensoty input (making sense of it)
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absolute threshold
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smallest quantity detected (50% can see it)
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Just Noticable difference
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smallest difference in stimulus intensity
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weber's Law
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size of JND proportional to size of stimulis
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psychophysics
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study of how physical stimuli are translated into experience
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subliminal perception
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registration of sensory input without conscious awareness
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social desireability bias
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create favorable impression, don't always answer honestly
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signal detection theory
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stimuli detection depends on sensory and decision processes
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sensory adaptation
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decline in sensitivity to prolonged sensation example: strong perfume
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peak end theory
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the peak and end play larger subjective role in an experiance
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cornea
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transparant protective coating
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pupil
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hole in eye
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iris
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colored part
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lens
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transparent and focuses light
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accomotation
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lens adjusting to near vs. far objects
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retina
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back of eye, absorbs light, processes images & sends info to brain through optic nerve
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feature detectors
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neurons that respond selectively to specific features of complex stimuli
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receptive field of visual cell
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retinal area that affects firing of cell
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fovea
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center of retina that only has cones. visual acuity
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optic nerve
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attaches to brain. made of ganglion cell axons
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optic disk
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hole in retina where optic fibers exist
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cones
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color and daylight
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rods
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night and periphial
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ganglion cells
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rods and cones send into to them
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depth perception
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interpret visual cues to tell how far away of near something is
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visual agnosia
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inability to recognize objects
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prosopagnosia
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inability to recognize faces
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subtractive colors
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paints
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additive colors
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lights
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binocular depth cues
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2 eyes with 2 diff perspectives
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monocular cues
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1 eye can see it
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perceptual set
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readiness to perceive a stimulus in a particular way
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inattentional blindness
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failure to see visble objects or events because of distractions
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trichromatic theory
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3 types cones red green blue
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opponent-process theory
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1 color on- opposite off
r/g blue/y black/w |
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perceptual constancies
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accurate perception of objects as stable. shape, location, size, color
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bottom up processing
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actually seeing something
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top down processing
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concepts, expectations and memories ( THE CAT)
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feature analysis
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process of detecting specific elements in visual input and assembling into more complex
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phi phenomenon
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appearence of movement (flip book)?
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gestalt
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whole can be greater than sum of parts
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pinna
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external ear, where you pierce
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auditory canal
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external ear, tube
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ear drum
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middle ear, vibrates
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hammer anvil and stirrup
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middle ear, amplify sounds to take them to inner ear
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cochlea
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inner ear, fluid filled coil tunnel
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basilar membrane
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rubbery surface in cochlea
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auditory nerve
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takes neuroimpulses to brain for it to interpret to sound
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consiousness
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being aware of self and surroundings
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biological rhythm
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periodic fluctuations in physical functioning. getting older
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circadian rhythm
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24 hour biological cycle. bed time dinner time etc.
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physiological pathway
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light levels - retina -scn of hypothalamus -pinal gland
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sleep apnea
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frequent gasps for breath while sleeping
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lucid dreams
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inception -like
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ascending reticular activating system
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major part of sleep center
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classical conditioning
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reflexive responces
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operant conditioning
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voluntary. tell a joke, people laugh, tell another joke.
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acquisition
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principle of classical conditioning, stimulus continguity
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extinction
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principle of classical conditioning, gradual weakening
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Structural Encoding
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shallow. physical structure. blue shirt with letters
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Phonemic Encoding
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intermediate. word sounds. rhymes with pink
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semantic encoding
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deep. actual meaning. blue with with bhs on it
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phonological loop
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rehersal in short term mem
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central executive
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dividint attention
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visualspatial sketchpad
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2+2 draws out in mind
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episodic buffer
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taking info putting it into long term and retrieving it
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flashbulb memory
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vivid detailed recollections of momentous events
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conceptual hierarchy
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multi level classification. animals thing
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schema
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framework of how we organize and label info
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semantic network
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web of words that connect. chalk talk
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parallel data processing
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pattern of activation. lines are words not bubbles in web
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encoding specificity
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context encoded with stimulus (study drunk, take test drunk)
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transfer-appropriate processing
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initial processing context info is similar to processing required by retrieval
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retroactive interference
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new info impairs retention of previously learned
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proactive interference
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old into impairs retention of new
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serial-position effect
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recall is better for things at begining and end of list (cereal... grocery list.)
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method of loci
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walk through familiar path to remember things
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semantic declarative memories
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general knowledge, who is the 1st president
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episodic declarative memories
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personal eperiances (dated), 1st kiss
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retrograde amnesia
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loss of memories prior to onset
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anterograde amnesia
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loss of memories after onset
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consolidation
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making memories more durable
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