Psych 200 Final

Front 1

Freud's psychoanatlyci theory levels of concouisness are:

Back 1

• Conscious- thoughts or motives person is currently aware of or is remembering
• Preconscious- thoughts or motives that one can become aware of easily
• Unconscious- thoughts or motives that lie beyond a person’s normal awareness
o Psychoanalysis or dream interpretation is the best way to access

Front 2

Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality sturcutres:

Back 2

id, ego, superego

Front 3

- most primitive part of personality.
o Pleasure principle.
o Get what it wants right now, avoid what it doesn’t want
o Selfish

Back 3

id

Front 4

o 2 parts
 Conscience- punitive, negative and critical part.
o All no’s. Things you shouldn’t do in order to be a good person
 Ego Ideals- positive aspirations. More abstract
o Things you should do to be a good person.
o Ex. give to charity

Back 4

superego

Front 5

reality principle- tries to fulfill needs of id while listening to superego

Back 5

ego

Front 6

what are the psychosexual stages of development?

Back 6

oral anal phallic latency and genital

Front 7

birth to 12-18 months
o Pleasure through eating and thumb sucking.
 Thought thumb sucking was auto-erotic
o Fixation- either overly indulged or overly frustrated during a particular stage. Remained fixated on the pleasure of that stage.
 If only bottle fed, may be frustrated.
 Breast fed for to long, overindulged
o Regression- frustrated and regress to an earlier stage of development.

Back 7

oral stage of development

Front 8

12-18 months to 3 years
o Focused on retaining or expelling feces.
o Potty training during this time
o “battles of the toilet bowl”
 everyone is frustrated at this time
o Anal expulsive
 As children fought back against toilet training. Are messy adults and unreliable
o anal compulsive
 Over praised during potty training. As adults, always on time, neat, clean people.
 Term “anal” person

Back 8

anal stage of development

Front 9

1. 3-6 years
o Boy’s Oedipus Complex
 Decide want to have sex with mom, but knows dad will be angry
 Castration anxiety from father
 formation of superego because with dad all the time and learning how to be a man
o Girl’s Electra Complex
 Little girl blames mother for loss of penis because she doesn’t have one either
 Penis envy; weaker superego
 Women are morally weaker then men because we don’t have castration anxiety

Back 9

phallic stage of development

Front 10

– 6 to puberty
• Repression of sexual urges

Back 10

latency

Front 11

puberty onward
• Get out of the house (to apply those sexual urges not related to you)

Back 11

genital stage

Front 12

Whoare the non-freudian theoriests?

Back 12

1.Adler’s Individual Psychology
2. Jung’s Analytic Psychology
3.Horney’s Feminine Psychology

Front 13

• Each of us is born with a sense of inferiority
• Striving for superiority
• Inferiority complex – feelings of inferiority develop from early childhood experiences of helplessness/ incompetence
• Birth Order

Back 13

adler's individual psychology

Front 14

o First born- important until other siblings arrive
 Often have greatest number of problems as they get older
o Middle born – dethrone first born
 High need for superiority
o Youngest – least amount of power
o Only Children – tend to spend a lot of time around adults. Which can lead to higher intellectual ability
 As adults, they may be timid, passive, and withdrawn

Back 14

birth order

Front 15

• More to unconscious than Freud theorized
• Collective unconscious- inherited unconscious all humans share
• Archetypes – generic, idealized model of a person, object, or concept from which similar instances are derived
o Animus – masculine side of female
o Anima – feminine side of male
o Shadow – unconscious dark side of our personality

Back 15

Jungs analytic psychology

Front 16

• Big influence on feminism
• Womb envy – man’s envy of woman’s ability to bear children
• Social / cultural explanation of gender differences

Back 16

horney's feminne psychology

Front 17

what are the 5 criticisms of psychoanalytic theories

Back 17

1. Difficult to test
2. Overemphasis on biology and unconscious forces
3. Inadequate evidence
4. Sexism
5. Lack of cross cultural support

Front 18

Who are the two humanistic theories developed by?

Back 18

Carl Rodgers and Abraham Maslow

Front 19

o Most important aspect of personality is the self
o Self-concept – all information/beliefs individuals have about own nature, qualities, and behavior
o Poor mental health occurred when there was a difference between our self-concepts and our actual life experiences
o Unconditional positive regard – positive behavior towards a person with no contingencies attached

Back 19

Carl rodgers - humanistic theory

Front 20

o Self-actualization – complete understanding of self
o Criticisms of humanistic theories
 Naïve assumptions
 Poor testability and inadequate evidence
 Narrowness

Back 20

abraham maslow (humainstic theory)

Front 21

whowere the early trait theorists of personality

Back 21

Gordon allport, rayomnd cattel, hans eyzenck

Front 22

best way to understand personality was to study an individual and arrange their personality traits into a hierarchy

Back 22

allport

Front 23

condensed list of traits to 30-35 basic traits using factor analysis- statistical procedure for determining most basic units or factors in a large array of data

Back 23

cattell

Front 24

personality is relationship between 3 traits- Extroversion-Introversion, Neuroticism (how much control you have over emotional state), Psychotism (how in touch with reality you are)

Back 24

eyzneck

Front 25

(Costat-McCrae)- most influential trait theory
i. Extraversion (AKA Surgency)- talkative, energetic, and assertive
ii. Agreeableness- sympathetic, kind, and affectionate
iii. Conscientiousness- organized, thorough, and planful
iv. Openness to New Experiences (AKA Intellect or Culture)- having wide interests, being imaginative and insightful
v. Neuroticism (sometimes reversed as Emotional Stability)- tense, moody, and anxious

Back 25

known as the BIG FIVE MODEL

Front 26

what does the big five model consist of?

Back 26

(Costat-McCrae)- most influential trait theory
i. Extraversion (AKA Surgency)- talkative, energetic, and assertive
ii. Agreeableness- sympathetic, kind, and affectionate
iii. Conscientiousness- organized, thorough, and planful
iv. Openness to New Experiences (AKA Intellect or Culture)- having wide interests, being imaginative and insightful
v. Neuroticism (sometimes reversed as Emotional Stability)- tense, moody, and anxious

Front 27

what are the critiscm of the big 5 model

Back 27

i. Lack of explanation-theories describe people but don’t tell you why they are that way
ii. Stability vs. Change- personality is relatively stable after 30, but theorists haven’t told us which characteristics are stable and which are transient
iii. Situational determinants- some researchers believe you just cannot predict what people can do in any given situation- traits are meaningless

Front 28

______ is based on levels of consciousness and personality structure

Back 28

freuds psychoanalytic theory

Front 29

patterns of emotion, thought, and action considered pathological (diseased or disordered)

Back 29

abnormal behavior

Front 30

What is used when identifying abnormal behavior

Back 30

staistical infrequency, disbaility or dysfunction, personal distress, social norm violation, medical disorder, and insanity
(legal term)

Front 31

maladaptive behavior (not good for you-ex. Alcoholism, cutting) not good for you or other people
a. Practical and flexible

Back 31

disability or dysfunction

Front 32

if you are ok with it you dont have a mental disorder

Back 32

personal distress

Front 33

humanism and existentialism (if you are not self-actualized, you are mentally ill) \

Back 33

deviation from ideal

Front 34

- (legal term) people cannot be held responsible for their actions or allowed to manage their own affairs

Back 34

insanity

Front 35

mysterious actions were attributed to supernatural powers and possession
a. Trephining- boring holes in skull to let out evil sprits

Back 35

supernatural view of psycholgical disorders

Front 36

ancient Greece
a. Hippocrates- madness was like any other sickness- a natural event arising from natural causes; a physical illness
b. Imbalances in the four humors- trying to link mental to physical
i. Blood- air- sanguine-amorous, happy, generous people
ii. Yellow bile- fire- choleric- violent, vengeful people
iii. Phlegm- water- phlegmatic- dull, pale, cowardly personality
iv. Black bile- earth- melancholic- gluttonous, lazy, sentimental

Back 36

naturalistic view of psycholigcal disorders