Psych 2 Ch 13 And 14

Front 1

Overt Eye Movements What are they

Back 1

Best way to focus on what we want to see
Happening "overtly"

Front 2

why are object blurry in the periphery

Back 2

Objects outside of the fovea (where your attention is) cells in early V1 not representing the foveal region.

Front 3

Covert attention what is it

Back 3

ability to focus your attention while your fixation point (where your eyes are looking is elsewhere)...see in the Von Hemletz exp. HE realized the location to which he directed his attention could be different from the location at which he was looking . He could preceive better objects in his foveal region than those outside his focus.

Front 4

Cocktail party effect (Cherry) process that makes this possible

Back 4

Able to hear a convo other than all the other voices. (selectively attend) Does not involve vision.

selective auditory attention

Front 5

Dichotic listening

Back 5

attention to one ear results in better encoding of infromation as opposed to the incoming input in the unattended ear.

Front 6

Overt Eye Movements What are they

Back 6

Best way to focus on what we want to see
Happening "overtly"

Front 7

why are object blurry in the periphery

Back 7

Objects outside of the fovea (where your attention is) cells in early V1 not representing the foveal region.

Front 8

Covert attention what is it

Back 8

ability to focus your attention while your fixation point (where your eyes are looking is elsewhere)...see in the Von Hemletz exp. HE realized the location to which he directed his attention could be different from the location at which he was looking . He could preceive better objects in his foveal region than those outside his focus.

Front 9

Cocktail party effect (Cherry)

Back 9

Able to hear a convo other than all the other voices. (selectively attend) Does not involve vision.

Front 10

Dichotic listening

Back 10

attention to one ear results in better encoding of infromation as opposed to the incoming input in the unattended ear.

Front 11

Overt Eye Movements What are they

Back 11

Best way to focus on what we want to see
Happening "overtly"

Front 12

why are object blurry in the periphery

Back 12

Objects outside of the fovea (where your attention is) cells in early V1 not representing the foveal region.

Front 13

Covert attention what is it

Back 13

ability to focus your attention while your fixation point (where your eyes are looking is elsewhere)...see in the Von Hemletz exp. HE realized the location to which he directed his attention could be different from the location at which he was looking . He could preceive better objects in his foveal region than those outside his focus.

Front 14

Cocktail party effect (Cherry)

Back 14

Able to hear a convo other than all the other voices. (selectively attend) Does not involve vision.

Front 15

Dichotic listening

Back 15

attention to one ear results in better encoding of infromation as opposed to the incoming input in the unattended ear.

Front 16

what is early selection

Back 16

a stimulus does not need to be fully preceptually analyzed before it can be further processed as being important or not.

there is also a gate that can open or close for attended and ignored information

something someone said will decay unless a filter makes it persist as it enters a more durable form and process that information

Front 17

What is late Selection

Back 17

Information that was coming to the unattended ear like someones name, made researches believe that ll sensory info is equivalently processed before it reaches higher levels of encoding.

Front 18

The late selection view implies that

Back 18

attentional process cannot affect our perceptions of stimuli by changing the way that they are processes by the sensory-perceptual system.

Front 19

The early and late selection views assume that

Back 19

the information processing system cannot simulateously process multiple inputs if there is a high information load

Front 20

How does the IPS (information Processing system) overcome the limited capacity in the brain

Back 20

When there are multiple inputs, outputting a high levels of information, the IPS makes decisions of what to allow/filter in so it can be further encoded and stored.

Front 21

Working memory

Back 21

Things that we are immediately attending too. IF we can attend to something in the outside world it means that we have reconstructed an image inside out head of it.

Front 22

Posner study. What kind of Cuing was seen

Back 22

endogenous cuing-orientation of attention is not driven by a physical reaction but rather the individuals goal (i.e. arrow pointing signifying where the square is gonna be)

Front 23

In the posner study which trial had the fastest reaction time

Back 23

the valid trials, which is when the cue correctly predict where the target stimulus is going to be.

Front 24

In the posner study which trial had the slowest reaction time

Back 24

the invalid trial, when the cue pointed out the wrong direction of where the target stimulus is going to be

Front 25

what can we conclude about the posner study

Back 25

attention improves perfromace (how fast people were able to respond to the target stimulus)

Front 26

in the Posner study which kind of attention is at work

Back 26

Covert because, there eyes are fixated while a cue pops up on the screen which requires their covert attention

Front 27

IN the Treisman & Gelade study, what kinds of processes determined the pop out search

Back 27

parallel or pre-attentive.
(process things faster, if the target is independent from the things around it)

Front 28

In the Treisman & Gelade study, one the target was more like the distractors, the search became what type and what kind of processing

Back 28

Conjugation search, and Attentive processing and serial
(a lot slower, must focus attention in a sequential manner)

Front 29

a pre-attentive process is whereby

Back 29

your attention immediately focus in on something that is conspicuous or stands out (without any instruction). It is an automatic analysis (parallel)

Front 30

An attentive process is whereby

Back 30

your focus is where your eyes are moving or looking. It is much slower and you are comparing your individual goal to wht is in your focus.

Front 31

what are the two parts in Treisman's Integration theory

Back 31

Preattentive Stage and Focussed attention stage.

Front 32

What is the Preattentive Stage in Treisman's theory

Back 32

where the the target stimulus is broken down by feature maps. (i.e. a green square would be analyzed by its color, orientation, depth and curvature)

Front 33

In Treisman's theory, the attentional spotlight reflects what kinds of cells

Back 33

In visual cortex, those cells, where there receptive fields respond to a green square regardless of the environment or (distractors) that are around/near it.

Front 34

What is the Focussed attention stage in Treisman's theory

Back 34

when your attention is focused to a certain location, it is then when all the feature maps come together to from what you think you are attending to is a green square.

Front 35

Visual Neglect

Back 35

When patents have damage to the right parietal lobe, cause an ATTENTIONAL IMPAIRMENT in the left visual field.

Front 36

Optic Ataxia

Back 36

When the patient has difficulty making hand movements toward an object using there vision.

cannot control the order of your eye

damage to the parietal and occipital junction.

NOT A PROBLEM WITH VISUAL FIELD

Front 37

Ocular Apraxia

Back 37

Inability to control the gaze of eyes.

problem controlling eye movements

one cannot move eyes to where instructed.

Front 38

simulatangnosia

Back 38

Inability to recognize more than one object.
Problem with attention and feature maps. IF you detect a white spoon, (color..ect..) the ability to disengage after you've realized what it is (using focussed attention stage) will be hard.

there is competition based on what our goal is.

Front 39

Bottom Up Processing

Back 39

Fast
Exogenous Cuing-a low level
env. stimuli captures attention very fast (overtly but sometimes covertly)
Feature Driven
Reflexive

Front 40

Top Down Processing

Back 40

Goal or Experience driven
Endogenous cue-a cue that is in accordance with our goal.
Slow

Front 41

Effects on Spatial Attention...what is the realtionship between visual cortex and attention

Back 41

Attentional effects are seen in
visual cortex in the hemisphere
contralateral to the attended
target.

visual stimuli in the left visual field, there is more activity in the right parietal lobe.

Front 42

In visual cortex 1, is there less activity seen when your attention is

Back 42

no, greater, cell sin V1 have overlapping receptive fields that cause spiking and attentional grabs, while the cells suppress everything else that you are not attending too.

Front 43

What brain structure could be resposible in Spatial attention

Back 43

Parietal Cortex. researches saw spiking on nueron before the light came on (which means, the monkey gets water when the light goes on, but its attention is focused covertly elsewhere becasue it knows that water is coming)