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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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central nervous system (CNS)
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is the largest part of the nervous system; it includes the spinal cord and the brain
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peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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the part of the nervous system that serves the limbs and organs
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somatic nervous system
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the part of the peripheral nervous system that picks up stimuli from the outside world, coordinates movements, and performs other consciously controlled tasks
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autonomic nervous system
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the part of the peripheral nervous system that performs tasks that are not consciously controlled.
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sympathetic nervous system
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the part of the autonomic nervous system that is always active and acts as an accelerator for organs.
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axon
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a cable-like extension that transmits a signal away from a neuron’s soma toward the target of communication.
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parasympathetic nervous system
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is the part of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for functions that do not require immediate action and acts as a brake for organs.
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neurons
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excitable cells that receive different types of stimulation; the building blocks of the nervous system.
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dendrites
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relatively short, bushy, branch-like structures that emerge from the neuron’s cell body and receive signals from adjoining neurons.
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soma
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is the cell body of a neuron.
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myelin (forms myelin sheath)
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a fatty substance that coats and insulates axons
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terminal buttons
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structures at the ends of the branches that extend from axons.
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sensory neurons
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carry information from the sensory receptors to the brain as a coded signal
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motor neurons
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carry information away from the central nervous system to operate muscles and glands.
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blood-brain barrier
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a fatty envelope that filters substances trying to leave the bloodstream and reach the brain.
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nerve
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a tight grouping of neurons.
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action potential
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an electrochemical ripple that works its way from the cell body to the terminal buttons and terminates in the release of neurotransmitters that will stimulate the next neuron.
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resting potential
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a relatively negative state inside a neuron in which the neuron’s fluid interior contains a surplus of negatively charged particles
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nodes of ranvier
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parts of an axon that are not insulated by myelin
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synapse
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the area between neurons across which nerve impulses travel
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synaptic cleft
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a narrow space between a transmitting neuron’s terminal buttons and a receiving neuron’s dendrites.
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pre-synaptic neuron
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a neuron that delivers a signal to a synapse
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post-synaptic neuron
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a neuron that receives a signal from a synapse.
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neurotransmitter
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a chemical message created by a synapse from an electric message transmitted by terminal buttons.
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spinal cord
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connects the spinal nerves to the brain and organizes simple reflexes and rhythmic movements.
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