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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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attribution theory
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fritz heider's theory that we understand the behavior of others by attributing their behavior either to their internal dispositions or their external situations
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attributions
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a claim about a person's behavior
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dispositional attribution
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an attribution based on a person's personality or characteristics
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fundamental attribution error
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a phenomenon in which people make an attribution based on character, even when they know that the behavior is situational
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1. behavior's distinctiveness
2. its consistency 3. consensus |
three characteristics observations are based on
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covariation principle
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a process of attribution in which behavior is observed based on three characteristics: the behavior's distinctiveness, its consistency, and consensus
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preexisting schemata
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a set of ideas or beliefs about others that leads a person to perceive others in a way that conforms with that person's expectations
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self-serving bias
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the tendency for a person to attribute his or her failures to external events and his or her successes to personal characteristics and skills
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pygmalion effect
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the tendency for people to behave in accordance with others' expectations
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behavioral expectation confirmation
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a phenomenon that enables a person to influence other people to behave in accordance with his or her expectations
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social cognition
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refers to underlying processes, such as attention and memory, that make social behavior possible
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fusiform face area
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an area of the visual cortex that specifically responds to and recognizes faces
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prosopagnosia
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a condition caused by damage to the ventral region of the temporal lobe in which a person is unable to recognize faces
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mentalizing
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a person's understanding that his or her behavior and that of others reflects a person's mental states
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hedonic motive
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a pleasurable incentive or an attempt to avoid pain that causes us to act in a certain way
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approval motive
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a person's desire to be accepted by his or her peers
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accuracy motive
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a person's desire to be correct or accurate
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chameleon effect
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refers to a person's unconscious mimicry of other people's expressions, behaviors, and voice tones
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conformity
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a principle that requires people to adjust their behavior or thinking to match a group standard
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normative social influence
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influence that draws on a person's desire for others; approval and his or her longing to be part of group
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