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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the spirit of the times
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zeitgeist
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projection of human attributes
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anthropomorphim
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as though nature was alive or possessed a soul
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animism
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nature; knowledge is present at birth
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plato
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nurture; mind is a blank slate, experience does the writing
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aristotle
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1st of 3 zeitgeist shifts
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the dark ages
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accepted both reason & faith as a way of knowing god
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st. thomas aquinas
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skull readings
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phrenology
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relationships between physical world & mind (sounds, brightness of colors)
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psychophysics, fechner
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psychology began as the science of ________.
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mental life
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started first school of psychology
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wilhelm wundt
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name of first school of psych
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structuralism
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2nd of 3 zeitgeist shifts
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structuralism period
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functionalism supporter
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darwin
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psychoanalytics supporter
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freud
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idea that people are basically good given the right environment
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humanistic
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idea that reason for evil stems from deprivation of basic needs & love
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maslow
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agreed with evolution, focused on creativity in apes, perception
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gestalt
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studied science of observable + measurable behavior (vs mind - unseen)
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pavlov and watson
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3rd of 3 zeitgeist shifts
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behaviorism
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rewards for lab animals
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skinner
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indistinctive drift, biology overrides reinforcements
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brelands
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studied men & women's reactions to undershirts
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steve gangestad
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proper attitude of a psychologist
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open mindedness, skepticism, humility
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key components to science
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observation, explanation
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scientific method
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observe, detect regularities, generate hypothesis, observe again
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naturalistic observation, case study, survey
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descriptive research
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become a member of the group you are observing
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participant observation
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observation of one particular person; involves collection of rich data
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case study
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are differences based on chance OR are 2 groups really different?
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inferential stats
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violent films and children
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liebart + baron
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condition that exposes subjects to INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
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experimental condition
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condition that doesn't expose subjects to independent variable
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control condition
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tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
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hindsight bias
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2 parts of nervous system
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central + peripheral nervous system
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building blocks (cells) of the nervous system
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neurons
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frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when another do so
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mirror neurons
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these neurons receive
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sensory neurons
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transfer info. from one neuron to another
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inter neurons
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these neurons react
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motor neurons
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chemical messengers that relay info from one human to the next
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neurotransmitters
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3 important neurotransmitters
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serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine
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this neurotransmitter affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousel
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serotonin
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this neurotransmitter is linked to emotion, intense pleasure; high levels in schizophrenia; low levels in Parkinson's disease
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dopamine
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this neurotransmitter is linked to alertness and arousel; low levels depress mood
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norepinephrine
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technology to investigate brain structure
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neruimaging
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x-ray structural map
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CATscan
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depicts brain activity "hot spots"
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Petscan
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internal scanning technique that measures changes in blood flow to specific areas of brain tissue
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fMRI
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records electical brain activity (hat w/ wires)
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psychophysiology EEG
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survival (hind brain)
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brain stem
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emotion + memory (mid brain)
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limbic system
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information processing, foresight (fore brain)
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cerebral cortex
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oldest + innermost part of brain, central core
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brain stem
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part of brain stem that controls heartbeat + breathing
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medulla
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nerves in brain connect with opposite side of body
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cross-over point
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extends from rear of brainstem; 2 wrinkled hemispheres; muscular control, motor behavior
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cerebellum
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cerebellum dysfuncion - a smaller than normal cerebellum is linked to ______.
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autism
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connects the 2 halves of the cerebellum
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pons
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on the of brain stem, pair of egg shaped structures
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thalamus
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inside the brain stem, extends from spinal cord to thalamus; network of neurons that helps control arousal + attention
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reticular formation
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part of limbic system that controls aggression + fear
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amygdala
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pleasure center
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nucleus accumbens
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controls endocrine system, hunger + thirst, sex, sleep
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hypothalamus
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part of brain for information processing; 80% brain's weight
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cerebral cortex
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major portion of cortex; abstract thinking, planning, self awareness, judgement
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frontal lobe
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TOUCH, body sensation, pain, pressure, temperature, electric stimulation
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parietal lobe
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SIGHT, visual perception, vision, recognition, visual memort
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occipital lobe
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HEARING, auditory cortex
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temperal lobe
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the large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres + carrying messages between them
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corpus callosum
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