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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology |
scientific study of behaviour and mental processes, and how they are affected by an organisms physical state, mental state, and the external environment |
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Psychobabble |
Pseudoscience. Confirms existing beliefs (astrology/physics) |
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Critical Thinking |
ability/willingness to assess claims and make objective judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons and evidence rather than emotion and anecdote; the basis of all science |
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Eight critical-thinking guidelines |
1. ask questions; be willing to wonder 2. define your terms 3. examine the evidence 4. analyze assumptions and biases 5. avoid emotional reasoning 6. don't oversimplify 7. consider other interpretations |
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E.B. Titchener |
Structuralism / elements of consciousness
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William James/Charles Darwin |
Functionalism (how and why an organisms behaviour helps it to adapt to its environment) / purpose of consciousness |
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Sigmund Freud |
psychoanalysis / unconscious motivations |
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Biological perspective |
how bodily events interact with the environment to produce perceptions, memories, and behaviour |
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learning perspective |
how the environment and experience affect the actions of individuals/animals |
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cognitive perspective |
what goes on in people's heads (reasoning, remembering, understanding) |
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sociocultural perspective |
social/cultural forces outside the individual
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psychodynamic perspective |
unconscious motivations within the individual |
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Humanisitic psychology |
We all have free will. rejects psychoanalytic perspective as too pessimistic and behaviourism as too mechanistic |
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Feminist psychology |
analyzes the influence of social inequities on gender relations and identifies biases in research and psychotherapy |
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Basic research |
seeks knowledge for its own sake |
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applied research |
research concerned with the practical uses of knowledge |
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Wilhelm Wundt |
established first psychology lab in 1879 and is considered "father of psychology" -trained introspection |
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psychometric psychologist |
designs and evaluates tests of mental abilitis, aptitudes, interests, and personality |
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Nonclinical specialties in psychology |
experimental, educational, developmental, organizational, psychometric |
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psychotherapist |
no degree --> advanced professional degree |
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clinical psychologist |
diagnoses, treats, studies mental/emotional problems ( MD or PhD) |
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Psychiatrist |
biological approach, has a medical degree with a specialty in psychiatry |
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Occam's razor |
the explanation with fewest unverified assumptions is the best one |
