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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Errors of Perspective |
1. Unwarranted Assumption |
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Errors of Procedure |
1. Biased Consideration of evidence |
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Errors of Expression |
1. Contradiction 3. Meaningless Statement |
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6 Irrational Appeals |
1. Appeal to Tradition |
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Errors of Reaction |
1. Automatic Rejection |
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Unwarranted Assumption |
idea assumed to be correct/ incorrect/ w/o evidence |
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Either/ or outlook |
right/wrong, black/white, no middle |
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Mindless Conformity |
following others bc we are too afraid to think for ourselves |
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Absolutism |
rules. no exceptions |
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relativism |
no rules, subject to change |
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bias for/ against change |
either not wanting to change too much or not at all |
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bias consideration of evidence |
learning in one direction or the other on issues. confirmation bias |
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double standards |
having a set of rules for oneself, and a diff for others |
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hasty conclusions |
premature judgement, jumping to conclusions without considering evidence or even enough |
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stereotyping/overgeneralization |
drawing broad conclusions about others from very little experience, thinking all in group are the same |
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oversimplification |
attempting to make complex material easier to understand, but distorting the facts instead |
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post hoc fallacy |
belief that when one thing occurs after another, the first caused the second. |
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contradiction |
saying one thing but doing another |
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meaningless statement |
words or reasoning that makes no sense |
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mistaken authority |
giving authority to someone who does not have it |
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false analogy |
comparing apples to oranges, |
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arguing in a circle |
trying to prove a statement by repeating it ina different form |
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irrational appeal |
encourages us to accept ideas w/o ques |
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automatic rejection |
rejecting criticism or new ideas before investing |
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shifting the burden of proof |
demanding that others disprove our ideas when the disagree |
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straw man |
putting words into someone else's mouth, then accusing him/her of lying |
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attacking the critic |
attempt to discredit an idea by criticizing the speaker. |