Psych 110

Front 1

Errors of Perspective

Back 1

1. Unwarranted Assumption
2. Either/or outlook
3. Mindless Conformity
4. Absolutism
5. Relativism
6. Bias for/against change

Front 2

Errors of Procedure

Back 2

1. Biased Consideration of evidence
2. Double Standards
3. Hasty Conclusion
4. Stereotyping/Overgeneralizing
5. Oversimplification
6. Post Hoc Fallacy

Front 3

Errors of Expression

Back 3

1. Contradiction
2. Arguing in a Circle

3. Meaningless Statement
4. Mistaken Authority
5. False Analogy
6. Irrational Appeal

Front 4

6 Irrational Appeals

Back 4

1. Appeal to Tradition
2. Appeal to Common Belief
3. Appeal to Moderation
4. Appeal to Tolerance
5. Appeal to Authority
6. Appeal to Emotion

Front 5

Errors of Reaction

Back 5

1. Automatic Rejection
2. Changing the Subject
3. Shifting the Burden of Proof
4. Straw Man
5. Attacking the Critic

Front 6

Unwarranted Assumption

Back 6

idea assumed to be correct/ incorrect/ w/o evidence

Front 7

Either/ or outlook

Back 7

right/wrong, black/white, no middle

Front 8

Mindless Conformity

Back 8

following others bc we are too afraid to think for ourselves

Front 9

Absolutism

Back 9

rules. no exceptions

Front 10

relativism

Back 10

no rules, subject to change

Front 11

bias for/ against change

Back 11

either not wanting to change too much or not at all

Front 12

bias consideration of evidence

Back 12

learning in one direction or the other on issues. confirmation bias

Front 13

double standards

Back 13

having a set of rules for oneself, and a diff for others

Front 14

hasty conclusions

Back 14

premature judgement, jumping to conclusions without considering evidence or even enough

Front 15

stereotyping/overgeneralization

Back 15

drawing broad conclusions about others from very little experience, thinking all in group are the same

Front 16

oversimplification

Back 16

attempting to make complex material easier to understand, but distorting the facts instead

Front 17

post hoc fallacy

Back 17

belief that when one thing occurs after another, the first caused the second.

Front 18

contradiction

Back 18

saying one thing but doing another

Front 19

meaningless statement

Back 19

words or reasoning that makes no sense

Front 20

mistaken authority

Back 20

giving authority to someone who does not have it

Front 21

false analogy

Back 21

comparing apples to oranges,

Front 22

arguing in a circle

Back 22

trying to prove a statement by repeating it ina different form

Front 23

irrational appeal

Back 23

encourages us to accept ideas w/o ques

Front 24

automatic rejection

Back 24

rejecting criticism or new ideas before investing

Front 25

shifting the burden of proof

Back 25

demanding that others disprove our ideas when the disagree

Front 26

straw man

Back 26

putting words into someone else's mouth, then accusing him/her of lying

Front 27

attacking the critic

Back 27

attempt to discredit an idea by criticizing the speaker.