Psych 11: Midterms

Front 1

First African American to earn a PhD

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Francis Cecil Sumner

Front 2

Rejected of a PhD

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Mary Whiton Calkins

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First woman to earn a PhD in Psychology

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Margaret F Washburn

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Oldest school in America to offer Psychology courses

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Harvard University

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Introduced the Structuralism

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Edward Titchener

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Proposed Functionalism

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William James

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Established the first laboratory and hailed as the father of Psychology

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Wilhelm Wundt

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First laboratory of Germany

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Leipzig, Germany

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Authors of the Psychology book

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Saundra K Ciccarelli

J. Noland White

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Scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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Psychology

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Outward or over actions and reactions

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Behaviour

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Psychology's goals

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Description

Explanation

Prediction

Control

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Showed the negative effectsof school segregation on African American children

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Kenneth and Maine Clark

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Conducted research in the area of intelligence testing, focusing on the cultural biases on such tests

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Jorge Sanchez

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First African American to receive a doctorate in Educational Psychology

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Dr. Charles Henry Thompson

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First African American to earn a PhD in Educational Psychology

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Dr. Inez Beverly Prosser

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First African American woman to earn the PhD in Psychology

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Dr. Ruth Howard

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Wrote the book 'Even the Rat was White'

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Dr. Robert Guthrie

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Slogan of Gestalt study

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The whole is better than its parts

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Proponent of Gestalt Psychology

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Max Wertheimer

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Everything is to be taken as a whoke, not by its parts

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Gestalt Psyhology

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Ffgg

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Cognitive Psychology

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Process in which a trained psychological professional helps a person gain insight into and change his/her behavior

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Psychotherapy

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Fggg

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Psychoanalysis

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Psychoanalystsl

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Carl Jung

Alfred Adler

Anna Freud

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Involuntary muscle action

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Reflex

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Studied conditioning

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Ivan Pavlov

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Father of Behaviorism

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John B Watson

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Science of observable behaviour

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Behaviorism

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Irrational fear

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Phobia

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Little Peter

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Mary Cover Jones

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Counters conditioning

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Counterconditioning

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Ccc

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Psychodynamic Perspective

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Ff

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Operant Conditioning

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Humanists

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Abraham Maslow

Carl Rogers

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Ggg

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Humanistic Perspective

Front 37

Ggg

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Cognitive Neuroscience

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Ff

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Sociocultural Perspective

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Ff

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Social Psychology

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Aa

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Cultural Psychology

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Ftg

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Cross-cultural research

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Concluded that presence of other people lessened the chances a person in trouble receiving help

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Darley and Latañe

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Ggg

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Bystander effect

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Tendency that someone else is reponsible for taking action when others are present

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Diffusion of Responsibility

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Ffg

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Biopsychology

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Ggg

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Biopsychological Perspective

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False beliefs

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Delusions

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False sensory impressions

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Hallucinations

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Fgg

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Evolutionary Perspective

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People's tendency to notice only things that agree with their view of the world

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Confirmation bias

Front 51

Scientific experikent process

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Perceiving the Question

Forming the Hypothesis

Testing the Hypothesis

Drawing conclusions

Reporting findings

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System of gathering information so that bias and error are reduced

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Scientific hypothesis

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Tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations

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Hypothesis

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General explanation

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Theory

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Process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities

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Object Introspection

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Focuses on the study of the structure or basic elements of the mind

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Structuralism

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Focuses on the study of how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work and play

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Functionalism

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Science of behavior that focuses on observable behaviour only

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Behaviorism

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Theory of Sigmund Freud which stresses the importance of early life experiences, the role of the unconscious and development through stages

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Psychoanalysis

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Study of groups, social roles and rules of social actions and relationships

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Social Psychology

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Study of cultural norms, values and expectations

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Cultural Psychology

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Contrasts and comparisons of a behavior or issue are made between 2 or more cultures

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Cross-cultural research

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Mental disorder involving delusions, hallucinations and extremely distorted thinking

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Schizophrenia

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Psychologists who study the evolutionary origins of human behavior

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Evolutionary Psychologists

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Where do most psychologists work

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University and four-year colleges

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Largest subfield of Psychology

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Clinical Psychology

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Early Psychology

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Psychodynamics

Behavioral

Humanistic

Cognitive

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Focuses on memory, learning, intelligence, perception, thought process, problem solving and language

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Cognitive Psychology

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Focuses on the behavior of individuals as the result of the presence of other individuals as parts of groups or as parts of a larger culture

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Sociocultural Psychology

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Focuses on influences of hormones, brain structures and chemicals,diseases

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Biopsychological

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Focuses on the biological bases for universal mental characteristics such as why we lie, hiw attractiveness influences mate selection and the like

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Evolutionary

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Modern Perspectives

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Sociocultural

Evolutionary

Biopsychology

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Psychology Professionals

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Psychologist

Psychiatrist

Psychiatric Social Worker

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Professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology

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Psychologist

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Medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders

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Psychiatrist

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Social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders

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Psychiatric Social Worker

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Repeating a study or experiment to see if the same results will be obtained in an effort to demonstrate reliability of results

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Replicate

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Those that can be tested through direct observation or experience

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Empirical questions

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Tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed

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Observer effect

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Observer becomes a participant in the group being observed

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Participation Observation

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Tendency of observers to see what they expect to see

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Observer bias

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Study of one individual in great detail

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Case study

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Randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects

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Representative Sample

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Entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested

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Population

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Tendency of the people to give answers that are socially correct rather than their true opinion

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Courtesy bias

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Descriptive Data Collection Methods

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Naturalistic Observation

Laboratory Experiment

Case Study

Survey

Correlations

Experiment

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Measure of relationship between two or more variables

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Correlation

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Anything that can change or vary

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Variable

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Number derived from a formula for measuring a correlation and indicating the strength and direction of a correlation

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Correlation coefficient

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Deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in behavior

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Experiment

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Definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured

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Operational definition

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Variables that interfere with each other and their possible effects on some other variables of interest

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Confounding Variables

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Variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter

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Independent Variable

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Variable in an experiment that represents the measurable response or behavior of the subjects in the experiment

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Dependent variable

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Subjects in an experiment who are subjected to the independent variable

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Experimental Group

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Subjects who are not subjected to the independent variable and who may receive a placebo effect

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Control group

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Process of assigning subjects to the experimental or control groups randomly

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Random Assignment