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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Classical Conditioning? |
Pairing neutral stimuli with a stimuli that produces a response |
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What is operant conditioning? |
Reinforcements/Punishments |
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What is cognitive conditioning?
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Observing others to learn new things |
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Who was John B Watson? |
A guy who keyed "Behaviorism" |
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What is a Neutral Stimuli? |
Does not elicit any particular response |
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What is an unconditioned response? |
A response that naturally happens. I.E. Salivating at food |
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What is an unconditioned stimulus? |
Naturally causes something to happen. I.E. the FOOD that causes salivation. |
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What is a conditioned response? |
A learned response to previously neutral stimulus. |
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What is a conditioned stimulus? |
Something that once didn't cause a reaction, but now does. I.E. the bell that causes salivation. |
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What is acquisition? |
The time it takes to aquire a conditioned response |
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What is extinction? |
How long it takes to unlearn a conditioned response |
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What is spontaneous recover? |
It's easier to re-learn an extinct conditioned response |
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What is generalization? |
Refers to the tendency to have conditioned response that more stuff triggers. I.E Any toning fork causing salivation |
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What is discrimination? |
Refers to tendency to hav econditioned response that less stuff triggers. I.E. specifically a C note toning fork. |
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What is "Operant Conditioning"? |
The use of punishments and reqards to encourage/discourage behavior. |
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What is reinforcement? |
feedback from the environment that causes a behavior to occur more frequently. -Can be positive OR negative!- |
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What is a primary reinforcer? |
Something that meets a basic need. I.E. Food |
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What is a secondary reinforcer? |
A stimulus that has become associated with a primary reinforcer. I.E. Money to buy food. |
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What is continuous reinforcement? |
A reinforcement is given every single time an event occurs |
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What is intermittent reinforcement? |
Reinforcement is only given some of the time. Of note, this lasts longer than usual. |
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What is a fixed interval? |
Every X amount of time |
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What is a variable interval? |
Random amount of time. Maybe 5 minutes, maybe 30. You never know! |
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What is fixed ratio? |
Every X amount of event occurrence. I.E every 10 button pushes. |
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What is variable ratio? |
Random amount of event occurrence. I.E around every 30 button presses. |
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What is a punishment? |
Something to decrease a behavior. |
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What is positive punishment? |
Adding something to decrease behavior. I.E shock collar |
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What is negative punishment? |
removal of something desired. I.E. cell phone |
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What is intrinsic motivation? |
The desire to perform a behavior well for its own sake |
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What is extrinsic motivation? |
Doing a behavior to receive rewards from others. |
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What is latent learning? |
Skills or knowledge gained from experience, but not apparent in behavior until rewared. |
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What is observational learning? |
Watching others do stuff, learning from it |
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What is modeling? |
Example on how to respond regardless of reinforcement. I.E. Fire escape procedures |
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What are Mirror Neurons? |
They fire only to reflect actions or feelings of others. |
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What is recall? |
Taking memory directly out of unconscious storage. I.E. fill in the blank questions |
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What is recognition? |
Remembering something by seeing it. I.E. Multiple choice questions |
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What is encoding? |
How info gets into and stored in your brain. |
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What is sensory memory? |
Memory that is briefly held. What you're actively experiencing, more or less. |
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What is short term memory? |
Memory that is held for short periods of time. Some is saved for later in long term. |
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What is long term memory? |
Memory that can be recalled/remembered at a much later date. |
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What is a declarative memory? |
Something you can conciously know/recall |
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What si an implicit memory? |
Formed without our awareness we are building a memory |
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What is a procedural memory? |
Knowing how to ride a bike without really remembering how you learned to do it. |
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What is a conditioned association? |
Something that can trigger a memory. I.E. Girlfriend's purfume |
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What is "chunking"? |
Think "compression". It's easier to remember four sets of four than it is one set of sixteen! |
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Where are declarative memories stored? |
The hippocampus! |
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Where are implicit memories stored? |
The Cerebellum! |
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What is long term potentiation? |
Repeat synapse use becomes more efficient. |
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What is a context dependent memory? |
A memory that is retrieved better in the original context. I.E. taking a test in the same classroom you learned the material |
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What is a state-dependent memory? |
Remembering things better in the same state you were when you learned it. Learned it high? You might remember it better if you're high. |
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What is retrograde amnesia? |
You can't recall old memories |
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What is Anterograde amnesia? |
You can't for new memories. |
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What is proactive interference? |
When old memories interfere with new memories. |
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What is positive transfer? |
When old info helps learn new stuff. |
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What is retroactive interference? |
New info interferes with the storage of previously stored memories. |
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What is a concept? |
Mental grouping of similar objects. What do you think of when you think "Chair"? |
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What is a prototype? |
mental image of the best example of a concept |
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What are heuristics? |
Shortcuts |
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What is insight? |
A sudden leap forward in thinking. The "Ah ha!" moment. |
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What is behaviourism? |
A view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes. |
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What is the law of effect? |
A response that produces a satisfying effect will become more likely to occur again in that situation |
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What is working memory? |
A newer unerstandin of short-term memory |
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What is long term potentiation? |
Basically, once something becomes "Rememberable" |
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What is priming? |
The activation of certain associations before asking of a question. Think leading questions. |
