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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
hindbrain
includes cerebellum, medulla, and pons
cerebellum
hindbrain; "little brain"; located at back surface of brainstem; involved in coordination of movement; balance; helps execute commands
medulla
hindbrain; attaches to spinal cord; controls largely unconscious but vital functions like breathing
pons
hindbrain; bridge; a bridge of fibers that connects the brainstem with the cerebellum; involved in sleep and arousal
brainstem
a stem from which the rest of the brain flowers; contiguous with spinal cord
midbrain
the segment of the brainstem that lies between the hindbrain and the forebrain; contains an area that in concerned with sensory processes

visual information= superior colliculi
auditory information= inferior colliculi
DA neurons: substantia nigra
reticular formation
reticular formation
lies at the center core of the brainstem; *regulates sleep and wakefulness; contributes to the modulation of muscle reflexes, breathing, and pain perception
forebrain
largest and most complex region of the brain,
thalamus
forebrain; way station; all sensory information except smell must pass through to get to the cerebral cortex; clusters of somas
hypothalamus
forebrain; involved in the regulation of basic biological needs; the four F's (fighting, fleeing, feeding, mating)
limbic system
loosely connected network of structures located roughly along the border between the cerebral cortex and deeper subcortical areas; the seat of emotion
hippocampus
part of limbic system involved in learning and memory
amygdala
part of limbic system involved in emotion and aggression; helps sense threats
cerebrum
forebrain; largest and most complex part of the human brain; responsible for highest mental processes and most complex activities; responsible for sensing, thinking, learning, emotion, consciousness, voluntary movement; divided into two hemispheres
cerebral cortex
convoluted outer layer of the cerebrum; folded and bent; gray matter vs. white matter;
corpus callosum
major structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres; cut in split-brain surgery to reduce the severity of serious epileptic seizures
occipital lobe
at the back of the head; deals with vision; includes primary visual cortex
primary visual cortex
part of occipital lobe that registers the sense of vision
parietal lobe
forward of occipital lobe; deals with the sense of touch; contain primary somatosensory cortex
primary somatosensory cortex
part of parietal lobe that registers the sense of touch
temporal lobe
near the temples; deals with the tense of auditory processing; contains the primary auditory cortex
primary auditory cortex
the part of the temporal lobe that is devoted to auditory processing
frontal lobe
largest lobe in the human brain, contains the principal areas that control the movement of muscles, the primary motor cortex;
primary motor cortex
the part of the frontal lobe that control the movement of muscles
mirror neurons
neurons that are activated by performing an action or by seeing another monkey or person performing the same action
prefrontal cortex
the portino of the frontal lobe to the front of the motor cortex; something of a mystery; contributes to decision making and may house some sort of executive control system
sulcus/ sulci
a groove
gyri
bump or ridge of brain
fissure
a very deep groove in the brain
left hemisphere of brain
invovled with language and verbal tasks
right hemisphere of brain
better at discriminating colors, arranging blocks, and recognizing faces (visual spatial tasks)
pituary gland
releases hormones that fan out within the body, stimulating actions; master gland of endocrine system