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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ANY CONDITION , USUALLY INTERNAL, THAT INITIATES, ACTIVATES, OR MAINTAINS AN ORGANISM'S GOAL DIRECTED BEHAVIOR
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MOTIVATION
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LIST 5 THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
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1. EVOLUTIONARY THEORIES
2. DRIVE THEORY 3. AROUSAL THEORY 4. COGNITIVE THEORY 5. HUMANISTIC THEORY |
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A FIXED BEHAVIOR PATTERN THAT OCCURS IN ALL MEMBERS OF A SPECIES WITHOUT LEARNING OR PRACTICE
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INSTINCT
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WHO IS THE AUTHOR OF OD EVOLUTIONARY
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DARWIN
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ARGUES THAT MOTIVATION COULD BEST BE EXPLAINED BY INSTINCT
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DARWIN-EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
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LIST FOUR STATEMENTS ABOUT EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
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MOTIVATION EXPLAINED BY INSTINCT
STATES THAT MOTIVATION AND EMOTION TO BE INSEPARABLE NOT ACCEPTED TODAY AN PSYCHOLOGISTS DO NOT RECOGNIZED MANY HUMAN BEHAVIORS AS AUTOMATIC |
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THEORY THAT TAKES THE BEHAVIORIST THEORY FOR MOTIVATION
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DRIVE THEORY
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EXPLAINS THAT BEHAVIOR ASSUMES WE MOTIVATED BY A NEED TO ATTAIN, MAINTAIN, OR REESTABLISHED SOME GOAL THA AIDS SURVIVAL
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DRIVE THEORY
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LIST MAIN STATEMENT ABOUT THE DRIVE THEORY (4)
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1. BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE
2. HAS STIMULI SUCH AS HUNGER OR PAIN ENERGIZING AND INITIATING GOAL DIRECTED BEHAVIOR 3. EMPHASIZES DRIVES AND NEEDS 4. TRIES TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS |
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INTERNAL AROUSED CONDITION THAT DIRECTS US TO SATISFY A PHYSIOLOGICAL; NEED
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DRIVE
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STATE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL IMBALANCE USUALLY ACCOMPANIED BY AROUSAL
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NEED
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WHAT IS THE GOAL IN THE DRIVE THEORY
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TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
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MAINTAIN INNER STABILITY OR BALANCE
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HOMEOSTASIS
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EXAMPLE: A THIRSTY ANIMAL WILL SEEK WATER TO REESTABLISH BODY FLUIDS BALANCE
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HOMEOSTATIS
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WHY DO BEHAVIORS RECUR IN GOAL ORIENTED BEHAVIORS ?
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BECAUSE THEY ARE REINFORCED
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OLDEST MOTIVATION THEORY
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DRIVE THEORY
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OCCURS WHEN WE FACED WITH COMPETING MOTIVES, BEHAVIORS OR IMPULSES
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CONFLICT
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WHEN DOES CONFLICT OCCUR
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WHEN WE HAVE TO MAKE A CHOICE BETWEEN TWO THINGS IN LIFE
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FAMOUS DRIVE REDUCTION THEORY IN 1940-1950 EXPLAINED PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED BEHAVIOR SUCH AS EATING AND DRINKING
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HULL'S
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MILLER HAS THREE TYPES OF CONFLICT
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APPROACH-APPROACH
AVOIDANCE-AVOIDANCE APPROACH-AVOIDANCE |
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HAVING A CHOICE BETWEEN 2 ATTRACTIVE ALTERNATIVES
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APPROACH-APPROACH
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CONFLICT HAVING TO CHOOSE BETWEEN 2 DISTASTEFUL ALTERNATIVES
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AVOIDANCE-AVOIDANCE
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A CONFLICT FACING A SINGLE ALTERNATIVE THAT HAS BOTH ATTRACTIVE AND DISTASTEFUL ASPECTS
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APPROACH-AVOIDANCE
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WHAT DO CRITICS SAY ABOUT THE DRIVE THEORY
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THEY ARGUE THAT THE DRIVE THEORY REDUCES COMPLEX HUMAN BEHAVIORS TO FORMULAS AND MECHANISTIC PROCESSES
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OLDEST MOTIVATION THEORY
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DRIVE THEORY
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OCCURS WHEN WE FACED WITH COMPETING MOTIVES, BEHAVIORS OR IMPULSES
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CONFLICT
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WHEN DOES CONFLICT OCCUR
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WHEN WE HAVE TO MAKE A CHOICE BETWEEN TWO THINGS IN LIFE
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FAMOUS DRIVE REDUCTION THEORY IN 1940-1950 EXPLAINED PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED BEHAVIOR SUCH AS EATING AND DRINKING
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HULL'S
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MILLER HAS THREE TYPES OF CONFLICT
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APPROACH-APPROACH
AVOIDANCE-AVOIDANCE APPROACH-AVOIDANCE |
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HAVING A CHOICE BETWEEN 2 ATTRACTIVE ALTERNATIVES
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APPROACH-APPROACH
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CONFLICT HAVING TO CHOOSE BETWEEN 2 DISTASTEFUL ALTERNATIVES
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AVOIDANCE-AVOIDANCE
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A CONFLICT FACING A SINGLE ALTERNATIVE THAT HAS BOTH ATTRACTIVE AND DISTASTEFUL ASPECTS
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APPROACH-AVOIDANCE
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WHAT DO CRITICS SAY ABOUT THE DRIVE THEORY
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THEY ARGUE THAT THE DRIVE THEORY REDUCES COMPLEX HUMAN BEHAVIORS TO FORMULAS AND MECHANISTIC PROCESSES
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ACCORDING TO THE DRIVE THEORY AROUSAL IS A COMPONENT OF WHAT
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ALL BEHAVIORS
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PHYSICAL ACTIVATION, INCLUDING THE CNS, AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, AND THE MUSCLES AND GLANDS
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AROUSAL
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THIS THEORY ASSERTS THAT NEEDS OR CONFLICTS IS NOT NEEDED FOR MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR RATHER SOME MOTIVATED BEHAVIORS ARE AIMED AT MAINTAINING OPTIMAL LEVELS OF AROUSAL BY VARYING OUR EXPOSURE TO STIMULI
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AROUSAL THEORY
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WHEN WE HAVE A DEFICIENT OR IMBALANCE WITHIN OUR BODY WHAT THEORY IS USED TO BRING BACK TO HOMEOSTASIS
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DRIVE THEORY
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MOTIVATION TO GET OUR JUICES GOING
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AROUSAL THEORY
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ARGUING, SCARY MOVIES, HAND GLIDING, SKY DRYING, ROLLER COASTER
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EXAMPLES OF AROUSAL THEORY
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THE AMOUNT OF AROUSAL NEEDED FOR SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE OF A TASK DEPENDS ON THE LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY
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YERKES-DODSON PRINCIPLE
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SUGGESTED HUMAN FUNCTIONING IS MOST EFFICIENT WHEN PEOPLE ARE AT AN OPTIMAL LEVEL OF AROUSAL AND THIS IDEA SHOWED THAT PERFORMANCE VARIES ACCORDING TO INTERNAL STATES OF AROUSAL
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HEBB
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PEOPLE USE THOUGHT PROCESSES TO DETERMINE THEIR OWN GOALS AND HOW TO ACHIEVE THEM
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COGNITIVE THEORIES
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FOCUS ON PEOPLE'S EXPECTATIONS ABOUT REACHING THEIR GOALS AND THEIR NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT
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EXPECTANCY THEORIES
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LIST 2 EXPECTATIONS THAT ARE BASED ON EXPERIENCE AND MAY BE ROOTED IN SOCIAL NEEDS SUCH AS THE
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NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT
NEED FOR AFFILIATION |
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LIST TWO TYPES OF MOTIVATION
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EXTRINSIC
INTRINSIC |
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MOTIVATION THAT COMES FROM THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
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EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
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MOTIVATION THAT COMES FROM THE PLEASURE OR SATISFACTION OF A PARTICULAR BEHAVIOR THAT IS WITHIN A PERSON
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INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
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WHICH MOTIVATION LEADS TO GREATER SUCCESS
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INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
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AFTER AN INTRINSICALLY MOTIVATED TASK IS REWARDED EXTRINSICALLY THE INDIVIDUALITY IS LESS LIKELY TO PERFORM THE TASK WHEN REWARDS ARE REMOVED
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OVER JUSTIFICATION EFFECT
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WHAT DOES HIGH AFFILIATION NEED
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DOES NOT NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT
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DECREASE TO NEED TO HAVE INTERACTION,DECREASE NEED FOR AFFILIATION
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NEED TO ACHIEVE
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THIS THEORY IS BASED ON THE EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR WHICH EMPHASIZES THE ENTIRELY OF LIFE, HUMAN DIGNITY, INDIVIDUAL CHOICE, AND SELF WORTH
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HUMANISTIC THEORY
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ASSERT THAT A PERSON'S BEHAVIOR MUST BE VIEWED WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR ENVIRONMENT AND VALUES
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HUMANISTIC THEORY
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BELIEVES THAT PEOPLE ARE NATURALLY MOTIVATED TO SEEK, BEAUTY, TRUTH, AND HARMONY, WITH THE GOAL TO REACH SELF ACTUALIZATION
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MASLOW
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HIGHEST LEVEL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN WHICH WE STRIVE TO REACH OUR FULL POTENTIAL
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SELF ACTUALIZATION
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HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
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MASOLW
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NOT NECESSARY TO SUSTAIN A PERSON'S LIFE
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SEX
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INFLUENCED BY AGE, GENDER, RELIGION, AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND
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SEXUAL ACTIVITY
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SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IS
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LEARNED
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WHAT HORMONES ARE PRESENT AT BIRTH
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SEX HORMONES
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ANDROGEN S CAUSE WHAT
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MALE GENITALS TO DEVELOP
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WHAT TRIGGERS THE PHYSICAL CHANGES OF PUBERTY
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SEX HORMONES
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WHAT DO FEMALE ANIMALS RELEASE
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PHEROMONES WHEN FERTILE
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WHAT DO MEN LIKE
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VISUAL AROUSAL
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WOMEN LIKE
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TOUCH
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4 STAGES OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY
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EXCITEMENT
PLATEAU ORGASM RESOLUTION |
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MOST SEX RESEARCH TAKES THE FORM OF
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SURVEYS
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WHO PERFORM THE MOST FAMOUS SEX SURVEYS
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ALFRED KINSEY
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THE SOCIAL NEED THAT DIRECTS A PERSON TO STRIVE FOR EXCELLENCE
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NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT
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SHOWED THAT ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION IS LEARNED AT HOME WITH HIGHER MOTIVATION AMONGST THOSE WHOSE PARENTS STRESSED EXCELLENCE AND PROVIDED PHYSICAL AFFECTION AND REWARDS FOR HIGH ACHIEVEMENT
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MCcLLAND
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THE NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT IS ALSO RELATED TO WHAT
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SELF-EFFICACY
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A PERSON'S BELIEF THAT HE OR SHE CAN SUCCESSFULLY ENGAGE IN AND EXECUTE A SPECIFIC BEHAVIOR
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SELF EFFICACY
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SOCIAL NEED THAT DIRECTS A PERSON TO SEEK THE COMANY OF OTHERS
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NEED FOR AFFILIATION
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WHAT DOES SEEKING THE COMPANY OF OTHERS MAY INVOLVE
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A DESIRE TO SOCIALIZE
DESIRE TO BE ACCEPTED TO BELONG TO A GROUP TO ESTABLISH INTIMATE CONNECTIONS |
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ASSISTANCE FROM OTHERS IS AN EFFECTIVE COPING STRATEGY FOR MANY TYPES OF PROBLEMS
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SOCIAL SUPPORT
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