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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
RELATIVELY PERMANENT CHANGE IN BEHAVIORS ACQUIRED THROUGH EXPERIENCE
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LEARNING
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CAN YOU DIRECTLY OBSERVE LEARNING
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NO
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HOW CAN YOU ASSESS LEARNING
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IT CANINFERIT FROM BEHAVIORAL OBSEVATIONS
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WHAT TYPE OF LEARNING IS PAVLOVIAN
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
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LEARNING THAT OCCURS WHEN 2 STIMULE ARE PARIED AND BECOME ASSOCIATED WITH EACH OTHER AND THE RESPONSE TYPICALLY MADE TO THE FIRST STIMULUS IS NOW MADE TO THE SECOND STIMULUS
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CONDITIONING
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ANY EVENT OR OBJECT IN THE ENVIRONMENT TO WHICH AN ORGANISM COULD RSPOND
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STIMULUS
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FATHER OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
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PAVLOV
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TO ASSESS DOGS' SALIVARY RESPONSED TO FOOD AND BETTER UNDERSTAND THEIR DIGESTIVE PROCESSES
(THE ORIGINAL STUDY) |
PAVLOV'S STUDY
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DOGS BEGAN TO SALIVATE BEFORE RECEIVING FOOD
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PAVLOV'S DSCOVERY
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AUTOMATIC SALVIA MAY ELICIT SOME RESPONSE
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LEMONS
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WHAT DID PAVOL DO WHEN HE SAW THE DOG BEGIN TO SALIVATE WHEN HE SAW THE HARNESS
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HE CHANGE HIS EXPERIEMENT TO
*LEARNING THUR ASSOCIATION" |
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THE INVOLUNTAR (REFLEX) RESPONDS TO WHAT
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SALIVATION
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THE SALIVATION CAN BECOME ASSOICIATED WITH WHAT
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NEUTRAL STIMULI (NOISES)
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IF THE INVOLUNTARY REFLEX AND THE NEUTRAL STIMULE ARE PARIED WITH THE TYPICAL STIMULUS (FOOD) WHAT HAPPENS
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THE FOOD ELICITS THE RESPONSE
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INVOLUNTRY RESPONSE TO A CERTAIN STIMULES
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REFLEXES
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AUTOMATIC OR REFLEXIVE
(NOT LEARNED) |
UNCONDITIONED
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LEARNED
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CONDITIONED
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STIMULES THAT ELICITS A SPECIFIC RESONSE AUTOMATICALLY
(WITHOUT PRIOR LEARNING) |
UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS
(MEAT POWDER) |
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NEUTRAL STIMULUS THAT BECOMES ASSOCIATED WITH THE UCS AND LATER ELICITS A CONDITIONED RESPONSE
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CONDITIONED STIMULUS
(cs) |
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A RESPONSE THAT IS ALWAYS ELICITED BY THE UCS AUTOMATICALLY
(WITHOUT PRIOR LEARNING) |
UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE (UCR)
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A RESPONSE THAT IS ELICITED BY THE CS AFTER THE CS IS PAIRED WITH THE UCS
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CONDITIONED RESONSE
(CR) |
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WHAT TYPE OF RESPNSE WAS THE BELL
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NEUTRAL STIMULIS
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MEAT POWDER- FOOD
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UNCONDITION STIMULIS
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PEPPER WHICH IS UNCONDITONED STIMULUS CAUSES WHAT
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SNEEZING-UNCONDITION RESPONSE
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WHY DID THE DOG'S BEHAVIOR CHANGE
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BECAUSE OF THE DOGS EXPERIENCE WHICH LEAD HIM TO BELEIVE BEHAVIOR CAN BE LEARNED THUR ASSOCIATION
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FOR CONDITIONING TO OCCUR IN STAGE 2 WHAT NEEDS TO HAPPEN?
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THE NEUTRAL STIMULUS AND THE NEUTRAL SIMULUS SHOULD BE PAIRED CLOSEY IN TIME
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HOW MANY STAGES ARE THERE IN CLASSIC CONDITIONING
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3
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THE UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS LEADS TO WHAT
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SALIVATION WHICH IS AN UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE
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NOW IN STATE 1 THE BELL WHICH IS A NEUTRA STIMULUS LEADS TO WHAT
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HAD NO EFFECT ON THE THE DOG
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BUT WHEN YOU PUT THE (US) UNCONDTIONED STIMULES (FOOD) WITH THE NEUTRAL STIMULUS(BELL) LEADS TO WHAT
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UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE WHICH IS SALIVATION
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NOW IN STAGE 3 IF YOU GIVE THE DOG THE CONDITIONED STIMULUS WHICH IS THE BELL WHAT WOULD HAPPEN
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SALVATION WHICH IS A CONDITIONED RESPONSE
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NAME FOUR CONCEPTS IN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
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1. EXTINCTION
2. SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY 3. STIMULUS GENERALIZATION 4. STIMULUS DISCRIMINATION |
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A TEMPORARY WEAKINEING AND EVENTUAL DISAPPEARANCE OF A CR AFTER CS IS REPEATEDLY PRESENTAL ALONE (ALONE WITHOUT THE UCS)
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EXTINCTION
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REAPPEARANCE OF ANEXTINGUISHED CR WHEN THE ORGANISM IS EXPOSED TO THE CS FOLLOWING A REST PERIOD
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SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY
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TENDENCY TO MAKE A CR TO A STIMULUS THAT IS SIMILAR TO THE CS
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STIMULUS GENERALIZATION
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ABILITY TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE CS AND OTHER STIMULI SO THE CR IS ONLY MADE TO THE CS
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STIMULUS DISCRIMINATION
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A DOG CONDITIONED TO SALIVATE TO THE SOUND OF A BELL STOPS SALIVATING WHEN THE UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS OF FOOD IS REMOVED
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EXTINCTION
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THE RECURRENCE OF AND EXTINGUISHED CONDITIONED RESPONSE FOLLOWING A REST PERIOD
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SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY
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AFTER A REST PERIOD, A DOG SHOSE CONDITIONED SALIVARY RESPONSE HAS BEEN EXTINGUISHED AGAIN SALIVATES IN RESPONSE TO THE CONDITIONED STIMULUS, THOUGH LESS THAN BEFORE
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SPONTANEOUS
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A DOG CONTIONED TO SALIVATE IN RESPONSE TO A HIGH=PITCHED TONE ASLO SALIVATES IN RRESPONSE TO A SOMEWHAT LOWER-PITCHED TONE.
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EXAMPLE OF STIMULUS GERNERALIZATION
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THE PROCESS BY WHICH AN ORGANISM LEARNS TO RESPOND ONLY TO A SPECIFIC STIMULUS
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STIMULUS DISCRIMINATION
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A DOG CONDITIONED TO SALIVATE ONLY IN RESPONSE TO LIGHTS OF HIGH INTNSITYM NOT TO THE LIGHTS OF LOW INTNSITY
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STIMULUS DEISCRININATION
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FATHER OF BEHAVIORISM
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JOHN WATSON
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WORK ON CLASSICAL CONDITIONING IN HUMANS
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JOHN WATSON
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CONDITIONING THE FEAR RESPONSE
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LITTLE ALBERT BY JOHN WATSON
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WATSON PAIRED___________WHICH WAS A ___________WITH A SMALL RAT _________ UNTIL ALBERT DEVELOPED WHAT _____________
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LOUD NOISE
(UCS) UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS WHICH WAS A (CS) A CONDITION STIMULUS A FEAR |
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UCS
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UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS
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CS
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CONDITIONED STIMULUS
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UCR
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UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE
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CR
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CONDITINED RESPONSE
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DISCOVERED THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CONDITIONING
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PAVLOV
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ANOTHER NAME FOR CLASSICAL DINDITIONING
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PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONINING
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WHAT IS THE KEY CHARACTERISTIC OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING ?
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THAT A NEUTRAL STIMULUS (BELL)
IS PAIRED REPEATEDLY WITH AN UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE(FOOD) ELICIT A RESPONSE (SALIVATION) |
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LIST WAYS THAT CLASSICAL CONITIONING IN THING E EVERYDAY WORLD?
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1-SPICY SMELL OF A CERTAIN AFTERSHAVE WITH A BOYFRIEND
2-PERFUME WITH A GIRLFRIEND |
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DOES CLASSICAL CONDITION HAVE TO BE POSITIVE ALL THE TIMES?
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NO IT CAN BE POSITIVE AND CAN BE NEGATIVE
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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING OCCURS?
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BEHAVIOR CHANGES WHICH INDICATES THAT LEARNING HAS OCCURRED
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WHO EXPLORES THE CONDITIONING OF A NEGATIVE RESPONSE WITH AND 11Y/O NAMED ALBERT?
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JOHN B. WATSON
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NAME 3 IMPORTANT VARIABLES IN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING?
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1-STRENGTH OF THE UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS
2-TIMING 3-FREQUENCY OF ITS PAIRINGS WITH THE NEUTRAL STIMULUS |
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________ ____________INVOLVES THE PAIRING OF A NEUTRAL,
_____________,___________ (ie. FOOOD), SO THAT THE _____ _____(ie., SALIVATION) BECOMES A __________ __________. |
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
CONDITIONED STIMULUS UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS CONDITIONED RESPONSE |
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FOUR AREAS WHO USE CLASSICAL CONDITIONING IN DAILY LIFE
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DRUG USE/ABUSE
CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSION FEARS AND PHOBIAS SMELLS |
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GIVES ENVIRONMENTAL CUES BECOME ASSOCIATED WITH THE DRUG'S EFFECTS AND LATER SERVE CUES TO INCREASE CRAVINGS FOR THE DRUG
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DRUG USE/ABUSE
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CERTAIN FOODS ARE PAIRED WITH SEVERE ILLNESS AND LATER INITIATE NEGATIVE FEELINGS AND AVOIDANCE BEHAVIORS
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CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSION
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CERTAIN STIMULI ASSOCIATED WITH NEGATIVE OUTCOMES AND LATER INITIATE INTENSE FEAR AND AVOIDANCE BEHAVIORS
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FEARS AND PHOBIAS
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SMELLS ARE STRONGLY ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFIC EVENTS IN OUR MEMORIES AND LATTER TRIGGER THE FEELINGS ASSOCIATED WITH THOSE MEMORIES
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SMELLS
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WHAT TYPE OF LEARNING IS OPE-RANT CONDITIONING?
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LEARNING THAT OCCURS AS A RESULT OF CONSEQUENCES OF BEHAVIOR
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2 PIONEERS OF OPERANT CONDITIONING
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EL THORNDIKE AND B.F. SKINNER
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IF BEHAVIOR IS FOLLOWED BY A POSITIVE CONSEQUENCE (REWARD OR REINFORCEMENT), IT WILL INCREASE
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THORNDIKE FIRST LAW OF EFFECT
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BEHAVIOR FOLLOWED BY NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCE (PUNISHMENT) IT WILL DECREASE
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THORNDIKE'S FIRST LAW OF EFFECT
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POSITIVE CONSEQUENCE
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REWARD OR REINFORCEMNT
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NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCE
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PUNISHIMENT
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FATHER OF OPERANT CODITIONING
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SKINNER
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SKINNER'S THREE TERMS FOR HIS OPERANT CONDITIONING
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SHAPING
REINFORCEMENT OR PUNISHMENT TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT |
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REINFORCING SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATIONS TO THE DESIRED BEHAVIOR, THE SKINNER BOX
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SHAPING
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ANY EVENT OR STIMULUS THAT INCREASES BEHAVIOR IF FOLLOWS
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REINFORCEMENT
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EVENT OR STIMULUS THAT DECREASES THE BEHVIOR IT FOLLOWS
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PUNISHMENT
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LIST 2 TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT
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POSITIVE
NEGATIVE |
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PRESENTING OR ADDING SOMETHING THE LEARNER LIKES
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POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
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REMOVING SOMETHING THE LEARNER DOES NOT LIKE
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NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
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REINFORCING EVERY CORRECT BEHAVIOR MOSTLY USES WHEN FIRST LEARNING A NEW BEHAVIOR
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SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT
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REINFORCING SOME BUT NOT ALL CORRECT BEHAVIORS
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PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT
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GIVE REINFORCEMENT AFTER A FIXED AMOUNT OF TIME PASSES
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FIXED INTERVAL
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BEHAVIORS DECREASE IMMEDIATELY AFTER REINFORCEMENT AND THEN GRADUALLY INCREASE
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FIXED INTERVAL
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LOWEST RESPONSE RATE OVERALL
LONGER INTERVALS PRODUCE STRONGER RESPONSE RATE |
FIXED INTERVAL SCHEDULE
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REINFORCEMENT GIVEN AFTER A VARIABLE AMT OF TIME PASSES
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VARIABLE INTERVAL SCHEDULE
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HIGHER AND STRONGER OVERALL RESPONSE RATE THAT FIXED
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VARIABLE INTERVAL SCHEDULE
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GIVE REINFORCEMENT AFTER A FIXED NUMBER OF RESPONSES OCCURS
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FIXED RATIO SCHEDULE
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HIGH RESPONSE RAYE WITH SLIGHT DECREASE AFTER REINFORCEMENT STRONGER THAT THAN FIXED INTERVAL
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FIXED RATIO SCHEDULE
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GIVE REINFORCEMENT AFTER A VARIABLE NUMBER OF RESPONSES OCCURS
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VARIABLE RATIO
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HIGHEST STEADIEST AND STRONGEST RESPONSE RATE
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VARIABLE RATIO SCHEDULE
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TWO TYPES OF PUNISHMENT
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POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
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PRESENTING OR ADDING SOMETHING THE LEARNER DOES NOT LIKE
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POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
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ANOTHER NAME FOR NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT
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RESPONSE COST
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REMOVING SOMETHING THE LEARNER LIKES
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NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT
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5 DISADVANTAGES OF RELYING ON PUNISHMENT
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DOES NOT TEACH APPROPRIATE BEHAVIORS
ONLY SUPPRESSES BEHAVIORS IN THE PUNISHER'S PRESENCE DOEN'T WORK UNLESS REINFORCEMENTS ARE ALSO REMOVED IF PHYSICAL, MODELS AGGRESSION IF HARSH, RESULTS IN FEAR AND/OR ANGER |
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ORGANISMS LEARN NEW RESPONSES BY OBSERVING OTHERS AND IMITATING OTHERS' BEHAVIOR AND MODELING (A COGNITIVE PROCESS) THOSE BEHAVIORS
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SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
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THEORIST OF SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
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ALBERT BANDERA
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LIST 4 PROCESSES INVOLVED IN SOCIAL LEARNING
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ATTENTION
REPRESENTATION BEHAVIORAL PRODUCTION MOTIVATION |
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A BELL ELICITS A RESPONSE FROM A DOG
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
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A RAT PRESSES A BAR 120 TIMES PER HOUR TO ACHIEVE A REWARD OR TO AVOID PUNISHMENT
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OPERANT CONDITIONING
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AFTER WATCHING VIOLENCE IN A TV PROGRAM CHILDREN ARE MORE LIKELY TO SHOW AGGRESSION BEHAVIORS
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OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
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WORKERS GET PAID A FIXED AMOUNT EACH WEEK
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FIXED-INTERVAL
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ONE WAY TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY IS TO PUT WORKERS ON A
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FIXED RATIO SCHEDULE
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he purging of the emotions or relieving of emotional tensions, esp. through certain kinds of art, as tragedy or music
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CATHARSIS
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