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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Intelligence
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The global capacity of a person to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his or her environment
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operational definition of intelligence
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intelligence is what intelligence tests measure
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mental age
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corresponds to the chronological age of a child who, on the average, receives a similar test score
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Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
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mental age/chronological age x 100
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Stanford-Binet test
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test developed by Terman who revised Binet's scale and adapted questions to American students
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
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intelligence tests with sub-tests grouped by aptitude rather than age level.
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How are intelligence tests developed?
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they are developed by developing test items, evaluating these test items, standardizing the test, and establishing norms
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Standardization Procedures
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uniform and consistent procedures for administering and scoring tests, such as IQ or personality tests
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Norm
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standard that reflects the normal or average performance of a particular group of people
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Reliability
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the dependable consistency of a test over time, or the consistency in responses among similar items on the same assessment
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Test-retest Reliability
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method for evaluating test reliability by giving a subject the same test more than once
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Alternate-forms Reliability
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method of assessing test reliability in which subjects take two difference forms of a test that are very similar in content and level of difficulty
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Split-half Reliability
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measure of a test reliability in which a subject's performance on a single administration of a test is assessed by comparing performance on half of the test items with performance on the other half of the test items
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Validity
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the ability of a test to measure accurately what it is supposed to measure
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Criterion-related validity
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method of assessing test balidity that involves comparing peoples' test scores with their scores on other measures already known to be good indicators of the skill or trait being assessed
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Concurrent Validity
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Type of criterion-related validity that involves comparing test performance to other criteria that are currently available
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Predictive Validity
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Type of criterion-related validity assessed by determining the accuracy with which tests predict performance in some future situation
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Aptitude Test
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test designed to predict an individual's ability to learn new information and skills
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Achievement test
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test designed to measure an individual's learning (as opposed to the ability to learn new information)
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G-factor
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one of the two factors in Charles Spearman's conceptualization of intelligence, the g-factor consists of general intelligence, which is largely genetically determined
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S-factor
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in Charles Spearman's two-factor theory of the structure of intelligence, s-factors are specific abilities or skills
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Primary Mental Abilities
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In Thurstone's theory of the structure of intelligence, the separate and measurable attributes (for instance, numerical ability, verbal comprehension, spatial relations, memory) that make up intelligence
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Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Successfull Intelligence
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theory that intelligene is a multidimensional trait comprising analytical (solving complex reasoning problems), creative (ability to use experiences to create solutions to complex problems), and practical ("street smart")
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Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
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goes on to say that intelligence such as musical intelligence and bodily kinesthetic intelligence as just as important as verbal ability and linguistic intelligence
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Within-group differences
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differences, or response variability, within treatment conditions
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Between-group differences
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differences, or response variability, between treatment conditions
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Heritability
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An estimate ranging from 0 to 1.0 that indicates the proportion of variance in a trait that is accounted for by heredity
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What plays the biggest role in intelligence?
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Environment
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