Psych 101 Chapter 01

Front 1

Cognitive Psychology

Back 1

Approach of psychology focusing on the ways in which organism process information, investigating processes such as thinking, memory, language, problem solving, and creativity.

Front 2

Developmental Psychology

Back 2

Field of specialization in psychology concerned with factors that influence development and shape behavior throughout the life cycle from conception through old age.

Front 3

Social Psychology

Back 3

Field of specialization concerned with understanding the impact of social environments and social processes on individuals.

Front 4

Personality Psychology

Back 4

Field of specialization that focuses on exploring the uniqueness of the individual, describing the elements that make up human personality, and investigating how personality develops and how it influences people's activities.

Front 5

Experimental Psychology

Back 5

Field of specialization in which the primary activity is conducting research.

Front 6

Biological Psychology

Back 6

Brach of neuroscience also known as physiological psychology, that focuses on the relationship between behavior and physiological events within the brain and the rest of the nervous system.

Front 7

Clinical Psychology

Back 7

Area of specialization involved in the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral problems.

Front 8

Counseling Psychology

Back 8

Area of specialization involved in the diagnosis and treatment of problems of adjustment. Counseling psychologists tend to focus on less serious problems than do clinical psychologists; they often work in settings such as schools.

Front 9

Educational Psychology

Back 9

Field of specialization in psychology concerned with the study and application of learning and teaching methods, focusing on areas such as improving educational curricula and training teachers.

Front 10

School Psychology

Back 10

Field of specialization concerned with evaluating student's interests and abillities and resolving learning and emotional problems in school settings

Front 11

Industrial/organizational (I/O) Psychology

Back 11

Field of specialization concerned with using psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and management.

Front 12

Engineering Psychology

Back 12

Field of specialization concerned with creating optimal relationships among people, the machines they operate, and the environments they work in, sometimes called human factors psychology.

Front 13

Health Psychology

Back 13

Area of specialization concerned with the interaction between behavioral factors and physical health.

Front 14

Positive Psychology

Back 14

The study of human behavior aimed at discovering and promoting the positive strengths and attributes that enable individuals to thrive and succeed.

Front 15

Forensic Psychology

Back 15

Field of specialization that works with the legal, court, and correctional systems to develop personality profiles of criminals, make decisions about disposition of convicted offenders, and help law enforcers understand behavioral problems.

Front 16

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Back 16

Field of specialization in which researchers develop computer models to simulate human cognitive processes and to solve problems.

Front 17

Connectionism

Back 17

The learning theory proposed by Thorndike that learning is the result of forming associations or connections between stimuli and responses. Modern connectionism is focused on discovering the neurobiological mechanisms underlying learned associations.

Front 18

American Psychological Association (APA)

Back 18

The major professional organization of psychologists in the United States.

Front 19

American Psychological Society (APS)

Back 19

Professional group of academic and research psychologists founded in 1988.

Front 20

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

Back 20

-The founder of Psychology
-His lavatory included experimental setups
-People were listening to tones and to tell how tall something is in the distance or bright. He was studying memory and perception.
-He brought psychology into a lavatory setting.
-Birth year: 1879
-Birth Place: Leibzig, Germany
-Father: Wilhelm Wundt
-Method: Introspection
-Prominent student of Wundt: William James (Harvard), E.B. Titchener (Cornell)

Front 21

John Locke (1632-1704)

Back 21

-Behaviors are acquired and a result of the environment (empiricism)
-Nurture

Front 22

Rene Descartes (1596-1650):

Back 22

-Cogito ergo sum (I think therefore I am): consciousness distinguishes humans from animals; animals are (mindless) “living machines”
-Mind and Body interact
-Behaviors are inherited (nature)

Front 23

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.; student of Plato):

Back 23

-Soul cannot be separate from body (soul is to the body as sight is to the eye)
-Perception is only source of knowledge (empiricism)

Front 24

William James (1842-1910)

Back 24

-Other people didn’t agree with his ideas and opposed them
-Principles of Psychology (first text book)
-“Psychology is the description and explanation of states of consciousness as such”
-FUNCTIONALISM- emphasized the functional, practical nature of the mind.

Front 25

John B. Watson (1878-1958)

Back 25

-Behaviorism- Scientific approach to the study of behavior that emphasizes the relationship between environmental events and an organism's behavior.

John B. Watson(behaviorism) vs. William James (Introspective psychology)