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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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neurons
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individual cells in the nervous system that receive and transmit information
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glia
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the "glue" of the nervous system; have many functions; outnumber neurons, much smaller too
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oligodendrocytes
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CNS; glia cell; one cell can create several segments of myelin sheath and cover more than one axon
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Schwann cells
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(PNS); glia cells; one cell creates only one segment of myelin sheath for only one axon
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astrocytes
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glia cells; synchronizes communication between neurons, nutures cells, removes waste products
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microglia
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glia cells; function as part of immune system, removes waste products and invaders
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radial glia
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glia cells; guides migration and growth of immature neurons
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dendrite
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branches, feelerlike structures that receive information, like an antenna
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soma
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cell body, contains the cell nucleus and much of the chemical machinery common to most cells
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axon
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a long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from the soma to other neurons/muscles/cells; usually wrapped in myelin sheaths
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myelin sheath
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a white, fatty substance that insulates and encases some axons, speeds up the transmission of some signals; contains Nodes of Ranvier; degeneration of myelin sheath is associated to multiple sclerosis
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acetylcholine
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ACh; only transmitter between motor neurons and voluntary muscles; every movement depends on it; contributes to the regulation of attention, arousal, and memory; Alzheimer's disease
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antagonist
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interferes with, and blocks chemical activity
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agonist
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mimics chemical activity, thus increasing its activity
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monomines
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dopamine
norepinephrine serotonin epinephrine |
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catecholamines
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dopamine
norepinephrine epinephrine |
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dopamine
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monomine; DA; controls voluntary movements; addiction; associated with Parkinsonism, Schizphrenia, and addictive disorders
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norepinephrine
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monoamine; NE; mood and arousal; associated with depressive disorders
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epinephrine
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monoamine; epi; adrenergic; cardiac contraction
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where do neurotransmitters come from?
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the food we eat!
the catecholamines come from amino acid phenylalanine serotonin comes from tryptophan |
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serotonin
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indolamine; 5HT; involved in sleep/arousal, eating, aggresssion; assoicated with depressive disorders, OCD, eating disorders
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indolamine
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serotonin
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amino acids
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GABA
glutamate |
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GABA
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always inhibitory; regulates anxiety and contributes to sleep/arousal; associated with anxiety disorders
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glutamate
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only excitatory; involved in learning and memory; associated with shizophrenia;
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endorphins
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resemble opiate drugs in structure and effects; play role in pain relief and response to stress; contribute to regulation of eating behavior
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