Psych 101

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Psychopathology

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The scientific study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorder

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statistical Abnormality

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abnormality defined on the basis of an extreme score such as IQ or anxiety

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Social nonconformity

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failure to conform to societal norms or the usual minimum standards for social conduct

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maladaptive behavior

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behavior that makes it difficult to adapt to the environment and meet the demands of day to day life

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mental disorder

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a significant impairment in psychological functioning

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psychotic disorder

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a severe mental disorder characterized by a retreat from reality by hallucination, delusions, and by social withdrawlal

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organic mental disorder

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mental problem caused by brain diseases or injury

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mood disorder

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depression/mania

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anxiety disorder

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disruptive feeling of fear or anxiety

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somatoform disorder

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physical symptoms that mimic disease or injury which there is no identifiable physical cause

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dissociative disorder

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temp. amnesia, multiple personality, or depersonalization

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personality disorder

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a maladaptive personality pattern

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sexual and gender identity disorders

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any of a wide range of difficulties with sexual identity

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substance related disorder

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abuse of substances

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neurosis

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outdated term uses to refer to mental disorder

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insanity

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a legal term that refers to mental inability to manage one's affair

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antisocial personality

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a person who lacks a conscience; is emotionally shallow, impulsive, selfish, and tends to manipulate others

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adjustment disorder

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an emotional disturbance caused by ongoing stressors within the range of common experience

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generalized anxiety disorder

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a chronic state of tension and worry about work/disaster

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panic disorder

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a crhonic state of anxiety, with agoraphobia is with social settings

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agoraphobia

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fear of something extremely embarrassing will happen if one leaves the house

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stress disorder

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a significant emotional disturbance caused by stresses outside the range of normal human experience

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acute stress disorder

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psychological disturbance lasting up to 1 month following stresses

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dissociative amnesia

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loss of memory for important info related to identity

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dissociative fugue

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sudden travel away from home plus confusion about one's personal identity

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dissociative identity disorder

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the presence of two or more distinct personalities

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hypnochondriasis

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a preoccupation with fears of having serious diseases.

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somatization disorder

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afflicted persons have numerous physical complaints but not organic causes

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muchausen syndrome by proxy

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an affected person fakes the medical problems of someone in his or her care to gain attention

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conversion disorder

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a bodily symptom that mimics a physical disability but is actually caused by anxiety or emotional distress

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anxiety reduction hypothesis

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explains the self-defeating nature of avoidance responses as a results of the reinforcing effects of relief from anxiety

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psychosis

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a withdrawal from reality marked by hallucinations and delusions, disturbed thorught and emotions

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delusion

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false belief held against all contrary evidence

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dementia

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serious mental impairment due to old age

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delusional disorder

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a psychosis marked by severe delusions of jealousy or persecution

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paranoid psychosis

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delusional disorder centered on delusions of persecution

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disorganized schizophrenia

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schizophrenia marked by bizzare thinking and inappropriate attitude

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catatonic schizophrenia

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schizophrenia marked by rigidity, posturing, mutism

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paranoid schizophrenia

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schizophrenia marked by frequent auditory hallucinations related to persecution

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undifferentiated schizophrenia

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schizophrenia lacking the specific features

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psychological trauma

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psychological injury or shock

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dysthymic disorder

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moderate depression that persists for 2 years or more

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cyclothymic disorder

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moderate manic and depressive behavior that persists for 2 years or more

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endogenous depression

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depression produced from within rather than as a reaction to life

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postpartum depression

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mild depression caused by child birth

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psychotherapy

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any psychological technique used to facilitate positive changes in a person's behavior

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demonology

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the study of demons

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tranference

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the tendency of patients to transfer feelings to a therapist that correspond to those the patient had for important persons inn his or her past

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interpersonal psychotherapy

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a brief dynamic psychotherapy designed to help people by improving their relationship with other people

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client-centered therapy

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a non-directive therapy based on insights gained from conscious thoughts and feelings emphasizes accepting one's truth value

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unconditional positive regard

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an unqualified unshakable acceptance of another person

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empathy

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a capacity for taking another's point of view; the avility to feel what another is feeling

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authenticity

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in carl roger's, the ability of a therapist to be genuine and honest about his or her own feeling

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reflection

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in client-centered therapy, the process of rephrasing or repating thoughts and feelings expressed by clients so they can become aware of what they are saying

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existential therapy

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an insight therapy that focuses on elemntal problems such as existence

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gestalt therapy

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an approach that focuses on immediate experience and awareness to help clients rebuilt thinking

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behavior therapy

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any therapy designed to actively change behavior

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aversion therapy

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supressing an undesirable response by associating it with something paintful

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reciprocal inhibition

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the presence of one emotional state can inhibit the occurrence of another such as joy preventing fear or anxiety inhibiting pleasure

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tension-release method

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a procedure of systematically achieving deep relaxation of the body

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vicarious desensitization

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a reduction of fear by letting the client watch a model perform the feared behavior

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social comparison

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making judgements about ourselves through comparison with others

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interpersonal attraction

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social attraction to others

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self-disclosure

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the process of revealing one's persoanl thoughts to another

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fundamental attribution error

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the tendency to attribute the behavior of others to internal causes

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groupthink

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a compulsion by members of decision making groups to maintain agreement, even at the cost of critical thinking

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compliance

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bending to the requests of a person who has little or no authority

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superordinate goal

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a goal that exceeds or overrides all others

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mutual interdpendence

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condition which people must depend on one another to met each person's need or goal