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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mental illness is a substantial disorder that can affect what?
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- Thought
- Mood - Perception - Memory |
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What does mental illness impair?
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- Judgment
- Behavior - Capacity to recognize reality - Ability to meet the ordinary demands of life |
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What are the types of mental illness?
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- Mood disorders: depression and mania
- Psychotic disorders: schizophrenia - Anxiety disorders - Adjustment disorders - Substance use disorders - Personality disorders - Behavior or mood problems caused by other neurological or medical illness |
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What are the differences between adult and child/adolescent psychopathology?
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- Child is developing and changing; therefore, pathology at one age is not pathology at another age (eg, temper tantrums)
- With the adult, the norm is relatively static, therefore one must know a) the capacity for impulse control, ego, and superego b) state of interpersonal relationship c) level of drive development - Certain disorders occur at certain stages of development (eg, OCD can't be seen before 4-5y) - Children do not seek help though they may become anxious; suffering will prompt adults to seek care; child will come b/c of discomfort on part of parent or school |
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What is the model for deriving anxiety?
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What are the questions to ask about a psychological problem?
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- What is it?
- How long has it been going on? - How many areas of life space are affected (eg, work, school, family, friends)? - What other problems have they had? |
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What is the difference between "acting up" and "acting out"?
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- Act up: eg, young child having a temper tantrum
- Act out: eg, man having problem at work but can't yell at boss so comes home and harasses wife for not having dinner ready |
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What are the generic signs and symptoms of stress?
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Changes in:
- Eating - Sleep - Activity Level - Regression (not acting your age) |
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What are the signs and symptoms of stress in an infant?
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- Stranger anxiety
- Fears sudden stimulation |
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What are the signs and symptoms of stress in a toddler (1-2.5)?
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- Temper tantrums
- Soiling/wetting - Stuttering - Fears animals |
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What are the signs and symptoms of stress in a preschool aged child (2.5-5)?
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- Intrusiveness
- Masturbation - Fears monsters, mutilation, and phobias |
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What are the signs and symptoms of stress in a school age child (5-pubescence)?
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- Truancy
- Lying - Stealing - Learning problems - Fears burglars and obsessions |
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What are the signs and symptoms of stress in an adolescent?
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- Identity crisis
- Sexual acting out - Substance abuse - Delinquency - Fears war and death |
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Mental Retardation:
- Symptoms - Prevalence - Causes - Treatment |
Symptoms
- Significant sub-average general intellectual functioning - Concurrent deficits in adaptive behavior - Onset before 18 Prevalence - 3% of school age children - More common in boys than girls Causes - Lack of stimulation - Inadequate nutrition - Exposure to toxins (eg, lead) - 25% d/t chromosomal abnormality (eg, Down's syndrome or Fragile X) - Metabolic abnormality (eg, PKU) - Pregnancy trauma (drugs, radiation, toxemia, alcohol, infection such as German measles) - Infections (eg, encephalitis) Treatment - Parental support / guidance - Special programs |
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Pervasive Developmental Disorders (Autistic Spectrum Disorders):
- Symptoms - Causes - Treatment |
Symptoms
- Distortion in timing, rate, sequence of many basic psychological functions involved in development of social skills and language - Autism and Asperger's Disorder Causes - Genetics - Infections Treatment - Parental support - Special programs |
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What are the symptoms of Autism?
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* Impaired non-verbal behaviors such as eye contact and gestures
* Restricted stereotyped patterns of behavior - Failure to develop age appropriate peer relations - Lack of social reciprocity (appears selfish) - Delay or lack of spoken language - Lack of make-believe play |
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What are the symptoms of Asperger's Disorder?
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* Impaired social interaction
* Restricted, stereotyped patterns of behavior |
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Learning Disorders:
- Symptoms - Prevalence - Treatment |
Symptoms
- Delay in rate of learning a specific function so that children behave as though they are passing through an earlier normal development stage substantially below expected chronologic age - May be one or more in areas of arithmetic, expressive writing, reading, articulation, expressive language, receptive language and/or coordination Prevalence - 10% of children - More common in boys Treatment - Remedial work |
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Unclassified Speech Disfluencies:
- Symptoms - Prevalence - Cause - Treatment |
Symptoms
- Stuttering - Sound and syllable repetition Prevalence - 3-4 year olds (1% persist) Cause: - Developmental (may be because they are thinking faster than they can speak) Treatment - Ignore - 1% that persist require speech therapy |
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder
- Symptoms - Prevalence - Cause - Treatment |
Symptoms
- Pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior - Lasts at least 6 months - Signs: often loses temper, often argues with adults, defied or refuses to comply, deliberately annoys, blames others, resentful, spiteful, and vindictive Prevalence - Children and adolescents - Boys more than girls Cause: - Environmental (parents over-assert control) Treatment - Parent training program - Psychotherapy - Social skills training - Cognitive behavior therapy |
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Attention Deficit Disorder
- Symptoms - Prevalence - Cause - Treatment |
Symptoms
- Fidgety or restless, unable to sit still for a long time - Always on the go - Easily distracted - Cannot concentrate well on work - Impulsively acting before thinking - Forgetting what was said or not listening - Difficulty finishing work on time - Often losing personal thing - Difficulty waiting in lines or jumping ahead of others - Many times children have other learning problems as well - Untreated can lead to difficulty with learning, bad classroom behavior, problems making friends and following rules Prevalence - 5% of children - Often starts in kindergarten or first grade - Problems may continue for years Cause: - Born with ADD and cannot control symptoms easily - Often runs in family (hereditary) - Not caused by allergies or too much sugar Treatment - Psychostimulants (eg, methylphenidate, etc) - Psychotherapies: behavioral therapy, parent management training, family therapy - Educational: special education classes |
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Conduct Disorder
- Symptoms - Prevalence - Cause - Treatment |
Symptoms
- Frequent lying, stealing, truancy, fighting/bullying - Running away from home - Property destruction, fire-setting, breaking and entering into someone's house or car - Being mean to animals or people - Many have other problems, eg, ADD, depression, alcohol abuse, or family problems Prevalence - Older children and teenagers - More common in boys Cause: - Not known - Many factors: drugs, family problems, low self-esteem, physical abuse, and impulsivity may contribute to behavioral problems Treatment - Meds: for depression, Lithium for aggressive/impulsive behavior (not that helpful) - Psychotherapy: behavioral, group, family therapies (group is especially helpful in adolescents) - Special programs: probation or residential programs |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Symptoms - Prevalence - Cause - Treatment |
Symptoms:
- Constant worrying and unable to relax - Aches and pains (mostly headaches and stomachaches) - Self-consciousness - Nightmares about the same things that cause worry Prevalence - Usually presents in teenagers (12-15 years old) Causes: - Not known - Somewhat hereditary - Stress can play a role (eg, death, parents' illness, another medical problem, or learning problems) Treatment: - Meds: imipramine, alprazolam, buspirone, and sertraline |
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Separation Anxiety Disorder
- Symptoms - Prevalence - Cause - Treatment |
Symptoms:
- Unable to leave parents because of worries that something bad might happen to them - Fear of going to sleep - Reluctant to go to school - Fear of being kidnapped Prevalence: - Usually starts in younger children (~7-10 years) Causes: - Not known - Somewhat hereditary - Stress can play a role (eg, death, parents' illness, another medical problem, or learning problems) Treatment: - Meds: imipramine, alprazolam, buspirone, and sertraline |
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A 4 y/o boy with normal hearing has never spoken and shows little interest in his family. Though he often turns on the taps to watch water running, he resists being bathed, screaming when he is placed into the tub. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Attention deficit disorder b) Autism spectrum disorder c) Obsessive compulsive disorder d) Rett disorder e) Selective mutism |
Autism Spectrum Disorder
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An 11 y/o boy with normal IQ has a history of fighting with other children, setting fires, and catching and dismembering small animals. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Antisocial personality disorder b) Attention deficit disorder c) Autism spectrum disorder d) Conduct disorder e) Oppositional defiant disorder |
Conduct Disorder
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An accident-prone 8 y/o boy blurts out answers, disturbs other children and cannot sit still in class. He is more focused when playing video games or working one-on-one with a tutor. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Attention deficit disorder b) Autism spectrum disorder c) Bipolar disorder d) Conduct disorder e) Oppositional defiant disorder |
Attention Deficit Disorder
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Which of the following is likely to be most effective?
a) Antidepressant b) Antipsychotic c) Benzodiazepine d) Lithium e) Stimulant |
Stimulant
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