Psyc1/chap4/consciousness

Front 1

activation-synthesis hypothesis

Back 1

The proposition that dreams represent the brain’s attempt to make sense of the random discharges of electrical activity that occur during REM sleep.

Front 2

alcoholism

Back 2

A chemical addiction characterized by impaired control over the use of alcohol and physiological dependence on it.

Front 3

altered states of consciousness

Back 3

States of awareness during wakefulness that are different than the person’s usual waking state.

Front 4

circadian rhythm

Back 4

The pattern of fluctuations in bodily processes that occur regularly each day.

Front 5

consciousness

Back 5

A state of awareness of ourselves and of the world around us.

Front 6

daydreaming

Back 6

A form of consciousness during a waking state in which one’s mind wanders to dreamy thoughts or fantasies.

Front 7

delirium

Back 7

A mental state characterized by confusion, disorientation, difficulty in focusing attention, and excitable behavior.

Front 8

depressants

Back 8

Drugs, such as alcohol and barbiturates, that dampen central nervous system activity.

Front 9

detoxification

Back 9

A process of clearing drugs or toxins from the body.

Front 10

divided consciousness

Back 10

A state of awareness characterized by divided attention to two or more tasks or activities performed at the same time.

Front 11

drifting consciousness

Back 11

A state of awareness characterized by drifting thoughts or mental imagery.

Front 12

drug abuse

Back 12

Maladaptive or dangerous use of a chemical substance.

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drug addiction

Back 13

Drug dependence accompanied by signs of physiological dependence, such as the development of a withdrawal syndrome.

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drug dependence

Back 14

A severe drug-related problem characterized by impaired control over the use of the drug.

Front 15

focused awareness

Back 15

A state of heightened alertness in which one is fully absorbed in the task at hand.

Front 16

hallucinogens

Back 16

Drugs that alter sensory experiences and produce hallucinations.

Front 17

hidden observer

Back 17

Hilgard’s term for a part of consciousness that remains detached from the hypnotic experience but aware of everything that happens during it.

Front 18

hypnosis

Back 18

An altered state of consciousness characterized by focused attention, deep relaxation, and heightened susceptibility to suggestion.

Front 19

hypnotic age regression

Back 19

A hypnotically induced experience that involves reexperiencing past events in one’s life.

Front 20

hypnotic analgesia

Back 20

A loss of feeling or responsiveness to pain in certain parts of the body occurring during hypnosis.

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insomnia

Back 21

Difficulty falling asleep, remaining asleep, or returning to sleep after nighttime awakenings.

Front 22

intoxicant

Back 22

A chemical substance that induces a state of drunkenness.

Front 23

jet lag

Back 23

A disruption of sleep–wake cycles caused by the shifts in time zones that accompany long-distance air travel.

Front 24

lucid dreams

Back 24

Dreams in which the dreamer is aware that he or she is dreaming.

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mantra

Back 25

A sound or phrase chanted repeatedly during transcendental meditation.

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meditation

Back 26

A process of focused attention that induces a relaxed, contemplative state.

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mindfulness meditation

Back 27

A form of meditation in which one adopts a state of nonjudgmental attention to the unfolding of experience on a moment-to-moment basis.

Front 28

narcolepsy

Back 28

A disorder characterized by sudden unexplained “sleep attacks” during the day.

Front 29

narcotics

Back 29

Addictive drugs that have pain-relieving and sleep-inducing properties.

Front 30

neodissociation theory

Back 30

A theory of hypnosis based on the belief that hypnosis represents a state of dissociated (divided) consciousness.

Front 31

nightmare disorder

Back 31

A sleep disorder involving a pattern of frequent, disturbing nightmares.

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physiological dependence

Back 32

A state of physical dependence on a drug caused by repeated usage that changes body chemistry.

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polyabusers

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People who abuse more than one drug at a time.

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posthypnotic amnesia

Back 34

An inability to recall what happened during hypnosis.

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posthypnotic suggestion

Back 35

A hypnotist’s suggestion that the subject will respond in a particular way following hypnosis.

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psychoactive drugs

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Chemical substances that affect a person’s mental or emotional state.

Front 37

psychological dependence

Back 37

A pattern of compulsive or habitual use of a drug to satisfy a psychological need.

Front 38

rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep

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The stage of sleep that involves rapid eye movements and that is most closely associated with periods of dreaming.

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sleep apnea

Back 39

Temporary cessation of breathing during sleep.

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sleep terror disorder

Back 40

A sleep disorder involving repeated episodes of intense fear during sleep, causing the person to awake abruptly in a terrified state.

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sleepwalking disorder

Back 41

A sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of sleepwalking.

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states of consciousness

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Levels of consciousness ranging from alert wakefulness to deep sleep.

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stimulants

Back 43

Drugs that activate the central nervous system.

Front 44

tolerance

Back 44

A form of physical habituation to a drug in which increased amounts are needed to achieve the same effect.

Front 45

transcendental meditation (TM)

Back 45

A form of meditation in which practitioners focus their attention by repeating a particular mantra.

Front 46

withdrawal syndrome

Back 46

A cluster of symptoms associated with abrupt withdrawal from a drug.