Psyc1/chap8/motivation&emotion

Front 1

achievement motivation

Back 1

The motive or desire to achieve success.

Front 2

arousal theory

Back 2

The belief that whenever the level of stimulation dips below an organism’s optimal level, the organism seeks ways of increasing it.

Front 3

avoidance motivation

Back 3

The motive or desire to avoid failure.

Front 4

Cannon-Bard theory

Back 4

The belief that emotional and physiological reactions to triggering stimuli occur almost simultaneously.

Front 5

display rules

Back 5

Cultural customs and norms that govern the display of emotional expressions.

Front 6

drive

Back 6

A state of bodily tension, such as hunger or the thirst, that arises from an unmet need.

Front 7

drive reduction

Back 7

Satisfaction of a drive.

Front 8

drive theory

Back 8

The belief that behavior is motivated by drives that arise from biological needs that demand satisfaction.

Front 9

dual-pathway model of fear

Back 9

LeDoux’s theory that the brain uses two pathways (a “high road” and a “low road”) to process fear messages.

Front 10

Duchenne smile

Back 10

A genuine smile that involves contraction of a particular set of facial muscles.

Front 11

emotional intelligence

Back 11

The ability to recognize emotions in yourself and others and to manage your own emotions effectively.

Front 12

emotions

Back 12

Feeling states that psychologists view as having physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components.

Front 13

extrinsic motivation

Back 13

Motivation reflecting a desire for external rewards, such as wealth or the respect of others.

Front 14

facial-feedback hypothesis

Back 14

The belief that mimicking facial movements associated with a particular emotion will produce the corresponding emotional state.

Front 15

gender identity

Back 15

The psychological sense of maleness or femaleness.

Front 16

gender roles

Back 16

The cultural expectations imposed on men and women to behave in ways deemed appropriate for their gender.

Front 17

hierarchy of needs

Back 17

Maslow’s concept that there is an order to human needs, which starts with basic biological needs and progresses to self-actualization.

Front 18

incentive theory

Back 18

The belief that our attraction to particular goals or objects motivates much of our behavior.

Front 19

incentive value

Back 19

The strength of the “pull” of a goal or reward.

Front 20

incentives

Back 20

Rewards or other stimuli that motivate us to act.

Front 21

instinct theory

Back 21

The belief that behavior is motivated by instinct.

Front 22

instinctive behaviors

Back 22

Genetically programmed, innate patterns of response that are specific to members of a particular species.

Front 23

intrinsic motivation

Back 23

Motivation reflecting a de sire for internal gratification, such as the self-satisfaction derived from accomplishing a particular goal.

Front 24

James-Lange theory

Back 24

The belief that emotions occur after people become aware of their physiological responses to the triggering stimuli.

Front 25

lateral hypothalamus

Back 25

A part of the hypothalamus involved in initiating, or “turning on”, eating.

Front 26

motivation

Back 26

Factors that activate, direct, and sustain goal-directed behavior.

Front 27

motives

Back 27

Needs or wants that drive goal-directed behavior.

Front 28

need

Back 28

A state of de privation or deficiency.

Front 29

need for achievement

Back 29

The need to excel in one’s endeavors.

Front 30

performance anxiety

Back 30

Anxiety experienced in performance situations stemming from a fear of negative evaluation of one’s ability to perform.

Front 31

primary drives

Back 31

Innate drives, such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire, that arise from basic biological needs.

Front 32

psychosocial needs

Back 32

Needs that reflect interpersonal aspects of motivation, such as the need for friend ship or achievement.

Front 33

secondary drives

Back 33

Drives that are learned or acquired through experience, such as the drive to achieve monetary wealth.

Front 34

self-actualization

Back 34

The motive that drives individuals to express their unique capabilities and fulfill their potentials.

Front 35

set point theory

Back 35

The belief that brain mechanisms regulate body weight around a genetically predetermined “set point.”

Front 36

sexual dysfunctions

Back 36

Persistent or recurrent problems with sexual interest, arousal, or response.

Front 37

sexual orientation

Back 37

The directionality of one’s erotic interests.

Front 38

sexual response cycle

Back 38

The term used by Masters and Johnson to refer to the characteristic stages of physiological response to sexual stimulation.

Front 39

stimulus motives

Back 39

Internal states that prompt inquisitive, stimulation-seeking, and exploratory behavior.

Front 40

two-factor model

Back 40

The theory that emotions involve two factors: a state of general arousal and a cognitive interpretation (or labeling) of the causes of the arousal.

Front 41

vasocongestion

Back 41

Swelling of tissues with blood, a process that accounts for penile erection and vaginal lubrication during sexual arousal.

Front 42

ventromedial hypothalamus

Back 42

A part of the hypothalamus involved in regulating feelings of satiety.